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¹ Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: [email protected].

² Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.

³ Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

⁴ Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark.

¹ Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: [email protected].

² Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.

³ Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

⁴ Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark.

[No authors listed] Lancet Psychiatry. 2017 Sep;4(9):e19. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30326-7. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017. PMID: 28853413 Several studies and meta-analyses have shown that mortality in people with schizophrenia is higher than that in the general population but have used relative measures, such as standardised mortality ratios. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate years of potential life lost and life expectancy in schizophrenia, which are more direct, absolute measures of increased mortality. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Cinahl, and Web of Science for published studies on years of potential life lost and life expectancy in schizophrenia. Data from individual studies were combined in meta-analyses as weighted averages. We did subgroup analyses for sex, geographical region, timing of publication, and risk of bias (estimated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). We identified 11 studies in 13 publications covering all inhabited continents except South America (Africa n=1, Asia n=1, Australia n=1, Europe n=7, and North America n=3) that involved up to 247 603 patients. Schizophrenia was associated with a weighted average of 14·5 years of potential life lost (95% CI 11·2-17·8), and was higher for men than women (15·9, 13·8-18·0 vs 13·6, 11·4-15·8). Loss was least in the Asian study and greatest in Africa. The overall weighted average life expectancy was 64·7 years (95% CI 61·1-71·3), and was lower for men than women (59·9 years, 95% CI 55·5-64·3 vs 67·6 years, 63·1-72·1). Life expectancy was lowest in Asia and Africa. Timing of publication and risk of bias had little effect on results. Galletly CA. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017 Apr;4(4):263-265. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30079-2. Epub 2017 Feb 22. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017. PMID: 28237638 Chan JKN, et al. Br J Psychiatry. 2022 Sep;221(3):567-576. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2022.19. Br J Psychiatry. 2022. PMID: 35184778 Review. Landfeldt E, et al. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020 Jul;35(7):643-653. doi: 10.1007/s10654-020-00613-8. Epub 2020 Feb 27. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020. PMID: 32107739 Free PMC article. Walker ER, et al. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Apr;72(4):334-41. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2502. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015. PMID: 25671328 Free PMC article. Review. Dregan A, et al. PLoS One. 2020 Mar 27;15(3):e0230674. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230674. eCollection 2020. PLoS One. 2020. PMID: 32218598 Free PMC article. Salomon JA, et al. Lancet. 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2144-62. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61690-0. Lancet. 2012. PMID: 23245606 Zheng Y, et al. Sci Rep. 2023 Dec 7;13(1):21711. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49206-x. Sci Rep. 2023. PMID: 38066312 Free PMC article. Thungana Y, et al. S Afr J Psychiatr. 2023 Nov 17;29:2051. doi: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v29i0.2051. eCollection 2023. S Afr J Psychiatr. 2023. PMID: 38059200 Free PMC article. Kaasgaard DM, et al. Heliyon. 2023 Nov 4;9(11):e21670. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21670. eCollection 2023 Nov. Heliyon. 2023. PMID: 38034687 Free PMC article. Chan JKN, et al. EClinicalMedicine. 2023 Oct 31;65:102294. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102294. eCollection 2023 Nov. EClinicalMedicine. 2023. PMID: 37965432 Free PMC article.