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srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.webp?h=3e3a268a&amp;itok=msvmcaWM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.webp?h=3e3a268a&amp;itok=qeXpCAxZ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?h=3e3a268a&amp;itok=AXL34OZb 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?h=3e3a268a&amp;itok=msvmcaWM 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?h=3e3a268a&amp;itok=qeXpCAxZ 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/pexels-min-an-1313814_1.jpg?h=3e3a268a&amp;itok=qeXpCAxZ" alt=""/> </picture><span class="submenu-text">文化</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/zh/communication-information" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/370">传播与信息</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/zh/communication-information" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/shutterstock_1398425123.webp?h=f373bea4&amp;itok=i1QjIQ2c 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/shutterstock_1398425123.webp?h=f373bea4&amp;itok=PLlgxb5d 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/shutterstock_1398425123.webp?h=f373bea4&amp;itok=wZzETgNM 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/shutterstock_1398425123.jpg?h=f373bea4&amp;itok=i1QjIQ2c 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/shutterstock_1398425123.jpg?h=f373bea4&amp;itok=PLlgxb5d 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/shutterstock_1398425123.jpg?h=f373bea4&amp;itok=wZzETgNM 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/shutterstock_1398425123.jpg?h=f373bea4&amp;itok=wZzETgNM" alt=""/> </picture><span class="submenu-text">传播与信息</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/zh/ocean" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66813">海洋</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/zh/ocean" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.webp?h=485955ec&amp;itok=thmYM1ml 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.webp?h=485955ec&amp;itok=0gLljC_i 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.webp?h=485955ec&amp;itok=5FT0C7dS 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png?h=485955ec&amp;itok=thmYM1ml 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/png"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png?h=485955ec&amp;itok=0gLljC_i 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/png"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png?h=485955ec&amp;itok=5FT0C7dS 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/png"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-02/nv-xl_ioc_01.png?h=485955ec&amp;itok=5FT0C7dS" alt=""/> </picture><span class="submenu-text">海洋</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/zh/africa" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/378">非洲</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/zh/africa" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/shutterstock_1685506030.webp?h=e9fe42b1&amp;itok=CgoCcMoe 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/shutterstock_1685506030.webp?h=e9fe42b1&amp;itok=wJZsxxOV 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_1685506030.webp?h=e9fe42b1&amp;itok=ATb1Gnt- 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-02/shutterstock_1685506030.jpg?h=e9fe42b1&amp;itok=CgoCcMoe 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-02/shutterstock_1685506030.jpg?h=e9fe42b1&amp;itok=wJZsxxOV 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_1685506030.jpg?h=e9fe42b1&amp;itok=ATb1Gnt- 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-02/shutterstock_1685506030.jpg?h=e9fe42b1&amp;itok=ATb1Gnt-" alt=""/> </picture><span class="submenu-text">非洲</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/gender-equality" class="nav-link">性别平等</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/gender-equality" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-01/card-xs_gender.webp?h=710cadb6&amp;itok=UdoxyFdn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-01/card-xs_gender.webp?h=710cadb6&amp;itok=O5PHwcSE 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-01/card-xs_gender.webp?h=710cadb6&amp;itok=NYCt1eG6 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-01/card-xs_gender.png?h=710cadb6&amp;itok=UdoxyFdn 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/png"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-01/card-xs_gender.png?h=710cadb6&amp;itok=O5PHwcSE 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/png"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-01/card-xs_gender.png?h=710cadb6&amp;itok=NYCt1eG6 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/png"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-01/card-xs_gender.png?h=710cadb6&amp;itok=NYCt1eG6" alt=""/> </picture><span class="submenu-text">性别平等</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu 我们的影响力">我们的影响力</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">了解教科文组织在世界各地的影响力，以及本组织为建设持久和平所做的努力。</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="/zh/node/1063">我们的影响力</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/zh/node/818" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/818">案例</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/zh/node/818" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/14559%20%281%29.webp?h=9462684d&amp;itok=SChLiczi 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/14559%20%281%29.webp?h=9462684d&amp;itok=K9ZPi2jv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/14559%20%281%29.webp?h=9462684d&amp;itok=fd9Xjhhp 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-11/14559%20%281%29.jpg?h=9462684d&amp;itok=SChLiczi 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-11/14559%20%281%29.jpg?h=9462684d&amp;itok=K9ZPi2jv 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/14559%20%281%29.jpg?h=9462684d&amp;itok=fd9Xjhhp 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-11/14559%20%281%29.jpg?h=9462684d&amp;itok=fd9Xjhhp" alt=""/> </picture><span class="submenu-text">案例</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/zh/lists-designations" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66210">名录</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/zh/lists-designations" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.webp?h=c8979c99&amp;itok=Ct778Ps0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.webp?h=c8979c99&amp;itok=_o_cx-TP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.webp?h=c8979c99&amp;itok=pHZnN1QM 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?h=c8979c99&amp;itok=Ct778Ps0 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?h=c8979c99&amp;itok=_o_cx-TP 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?h=c8979c99&amp;itok=pHZnN1QM 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2021-10/machu%20pichu%20shutterstock.jpg?h=c8979c99&amp;itok=pHZnN1QM" alt=""/> </picture><span class="submenu-text">名录</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/zh/legal-affairs" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66535">Standard setting &amp; legal affairs</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/zh/legal-affairs" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.webp?h=485955ec&amp;itok=Q5e2K5r6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.webp?h=485955ec&amp;itok=y94-0zL9 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.webp?h=485955ec&amp;itok=bXHjf7qO 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.jpg?h=485955ec&amp;itok=Q5e2K5r6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.jpg?h=485955ec&amp;itok=y94-0zL9 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.jpg?h=485955ec&amp;itok=bXHjf7qO 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2022-09/tmb-nav-vert_normative-action.jpg?h=485955ec&amp;itok=bXHjf7qO" alt=""/> </picture><span class="submenu-text">Standard setting &amp; legal affairs</span></div></a></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/zh/explore?date_from=%5B2-years-ago%5D" class="nav-link">教科文组织在全球</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/zh/explore?date_from=%5B2-years-ago%5D" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.webp?h=8b6e3e77&amp;itok=rV1nyW_5 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.webp?h=8b6e3e77&amp;itok=0MB4WB-l 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.webp?h=8b6e3e77&amp;itok=dVaX8TyF 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png?h=8b6e3e77&amp;itok=rV1nyW_5 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/png"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png?h=8b6e3e77&amp;itok=0MB4WB-l 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/png"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png?h=8b6e3e77&amp;itok=dVaX8TyF 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/png"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-05/2003_Convention.png?h=8b6e3e77&amp;itok=dVaX8TyF" alt=""/> </picture><span class="submenu-text">教科文组织在全球</span></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <span class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown-menu" title="Expand menu 观点与数据">观点与数据</span><div class="big menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-0 dropdown-menu bg-primary menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-level_0"><div class="row submenu-wrapper"><div class="left-wrapper col-lg-3 col-md-12"><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">教科文组织是联合国思想实验室。了解最新的观点、多媒体内容、免费课程、出版物和报告。</div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden menu-links field__items"><div class="field__item menu-link"><a class="btn btn-secondary" href="/zh/data-center">事实与数据</a></div></div></div><div class="right-wrapper col-lg-9 col-md-12"><div class="main-navigation collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav menu-level-1"><li class="menu-item nav-item"> <a href="/zh/node/745" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/745">思想实验室</a><div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-level-1 level-1-submenu"> <a href="/zh/node/745" class="submenu"><div class="submenu-big card card-overlay"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_desktop/public/2023-04/tmb-nav-xl_ideas_01.webp?h=485955ec&amp;itok=s1byHfZu 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_tablet/public/2023-04/tmb-nav-xl_ideas_01.webp?h=485955ec&amp;itok=Leqysu1O 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/submenu_mobile/public/2023-04/tmb-nav-xl_ideas_01.webp?h=485955ec&amp;itok=hxKiL6AL 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp"/> 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is-arrow text-primary"><span>新闻</span></p><h1 class="title article-title">移民身份的诺贝尔奖得主彬彬济济</h1><div class="section-text field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">自1969年增设经济学奖以来，大部分诺贝尔奖都被美国的机构收入囊中。然而，从事这类前沿研究的科学家们往往是来自世界各地的外籍人士。根据诺贝尔奖基金会提供的数据，在281名就职于这些美国机构的获奖者中，有87人出生在美国以外。<br/>其他国家也呈现出这种趋势。自1969年以来，45位代表英国机构的获奖者中有15人生于海外。而在瑞士，外籍获奖者的数量比任何其他国家都要多，与本土获奖者的比例达到8：7。日本和瑞典的机构在获奖数量上均排名世界前十，但这两个国家没有依靠移民科学家的帮助，它们分别有15名和8名本土获奖者。<br/>诺贝尔奖得主之中移民和侨民占比高的原因主要在于各个研究机构吸引了世界各地的科学家。根据2021年《联合国教科文组织科学报告》，二十国集团成员国的研究人员占全球研究人员总数的近89%（以专职同等资历计）。<br/>其中，欧洲联盟（23.5%）、中国（21.1%）和美国（16.2%）所占比例最高。在某些情况下，研究人员数量比研究经费增长更快，以致发生项目资金短缺。这可能会导致人才流失。<br/> <br/>拓展阅读：<br/>《流亡科学家：无声的拓荒者，辛勤的发现者》，联合国教科文组织《信使》，2017年10-12月<br/> <br/>返回正文<br/></div></div><div class="main-node-content"><div class="content-narrow"><div class="media-wrapper"><div class="media-image field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-medium"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/cou-04-2021-wide-angle-box-nobel-prize-web-2.webp?itok=Q5KvMBaB 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/cou-04-2021-wide-angle-box-nobel-prize-web-2.webp?itok=Hh9x-XE3 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/cou-04-2021-wide-angle-box-nobel-prize-web-2.webp?itok=hlcglM4s 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/cou-04-2021-wide-angle-box-nobel-prize-web-2.jpg?itok=Q5KvMBaB 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/cou-04-2021-wide-angle-box-nobel-prize-web-2.jpg?itok=Hh9x-XE3 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/cou-04-2021-wide-angle-box-nobel-prize-web-2.jpg?itok=hlcglM4s 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg"/> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/cou-04-2021-wide-angle-box-nobel-prize-web-2.jpg?itok=Q5KvMBaB"/> </picture></div> </article></div></div><div class="content-infos-wrapper"><div class="content-date-wrapper"><div class="created-time"><span>11 October 2021</span></div><div class="updated-time"><span>Last update:</span><span>20 April 2023</span></div></div></div><div><h3 class="share-title">Share</h3><div style="display: none"><svg aria-hidden="true" style="position: absolute; width: 0; height: 0; overflow: hidden;" version="1.1" 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