Abstract
分析肉碱棕榈酰转移酶Ⅱ(CPTⅡ)缺乏症患儿及其父母CPT2基因突变类型,为家系成员提供遗传咨询及产前诊断。先证者,女,于3个月时发烧8 h入院,血液酯酰肉碱谱分析显示棕榈酰肉碱显著增高,提示CPTⅡ缺乏症。收集患儿临床资料,采集患儿和父母外周血,提取基因组DNA,应用直接测序法进行CPT2基因5个外显子编码区及与外显子交界的部分内含子区域进行测序。患儿母亲于妊娠中期采取羊水,分取羊水细胞进行CPT2基因突变分析。Sanger测序发现先证者CPT2基因存在两个已知致病突变c.886C > T(p.R296X)和c.1148T > A(p.F383Y),突变来自父母双方。母亲第二胎羊水细胞CPT2基因存在c.886C > T(p.R296X),为致病基因携带者。胎儿出生后血液酯酰肉碱谱正常,发育正常。通过家系CPT2基因分析,证实了先证者死因为CPTⅡ缺乏症,在突变明确的前提下,成功地进行了下一胎同胞的产前诊断,为该家庭提供帮助。
Keywords: 肉碱棕榈酰转移酶Ⅱ缺乏症, CPT2基因, 产前诊断, 家系
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the type of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT2) gene mutation in the child with carnitine palmitoyl transferase Ⅱ (CPT Ⅱ) deficiency and her parents and to provide the genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for the family members. As the proband, a 3-month-old female baby was admitted to the hospital due to fever which had lasted for 8 hours. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis for blood showed an elevated plasma level of acylcarnitine, which suggested CPT Ⅱ deficiency. The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of the patient and her parents. Five exon coding regions and some intron regions at the exon/intron boundaries of the CPT2 gene were analyzed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Amniotic fluid was taken from the mother during the second trimester, and DNA was extracted to analyze the type of CPT2 gene mutation. Sanger sequencing results showed that two mutations were identified in the CPT2 gene of the proband:c.886C > T (p.R296X) and c.1148T > A (p.F383Y), which were inherited from the parents; the second child of the mother inherited the mutation of c.886C > T (p.R296X) and showed normal acylcarnitine spectrum and normal development after birth. It is concluded that the analysis of CPT2 gene mutations in the family suggested that the proband died of CPT Ⅱ deficiency and that the identification of the mutations was helpful in prenatal diagnosis in the second pregnancy.
Keywords: Carnitine palmitoyl transferase Ⅱ deficiency, CPT2 gene, Prenatal diagnosis, Family
肉碱棕榈酰转移酶Ⅱ(carnitine palmitoyltrans-feraseⅡ, CPTⅡ)缺乏症是由于线粒体内膜CPTⅡ缺乏导致中长链酰基CoA转运进入线粒体进行β氧化受阻所引起的疾病,属常染色体隐性遗传代谢性疾病,致病基因CPT2定位于1p32.3 [ 1 ] 。本病非常罕见,临床表现多样,在新生儿期、婴幼儿期、儿童期乃至成人期均可发病。主要临床表现为低血糖、昏迷、嗜睡、抽搐、癫癎、肌病以及肝功能异常等。本病进展速度快、病死率较高,本研究对1例经血酰基肉碱谱分析及基因突变检测验证的CPTⅡ缺乏症患儿的临床特点和基因突变情况进行报道,提高对该疾病的认识,为遗传咨询以及今后的产前诊断提供理论依据。
1. 资料与方法
1.1. 一般资料
先证者,女,3个月,因发热伴抽搐1 h入院治疗。入院前8 h无明显诱因下开始出现发热,腋温38℃,入院前1 h出现持续抽搐,既往无头颅外伤史,足月剖宫产娩出,出生体重2.8 kg,无高危病史,无癫癎家族史和遗传疾病史。入院时体查:体温38.2℃,心率156次/min,呼吸46次/min,血压84/37 mm Hg,体重5.4 kg,面容正常,面色稍苍白,前囟张力稍高,双目凝视,双瞳孔等大等圆,直径3.5 mm,对光反射存在,颈软,双肺呼吸音清,心律齐,心音有力,心前区未闻及杂音,腹平软,未触及异常包块,肝肋下12 cm,脾肋下8 cm,质中,四肢肌张力稍增高,脑膜刺激征阴性。血气分析:pH 7.38,PCO 2 30 mm Hg,BE -7.4 mmol/L,HCO 3 -17.6 mmol/L,提示代谢性酸中毒;肌红蛋白 > 1 000 μg/L(0~46 μg/L),CK-MB 110 U/L(0~25 U/L);ALT 103 U/L(0~40 U/L),AST 260 U/L(0~40 U/L);血氨 > 300 μmol/L(0~54 μmol/L)。该患儿入院后3 h因抢救无效死亡。遂对其入院后留存的血样进行了血酰基肉碱谱分析,高度怀疑CPTⅡ缺乏症,并提取DNA进行基因检测加以验证。由于患儿病情进展迅速,在短时间内死亡,未能留取尿标本行尿有机酸分析。3年后患儿母亲再次妊娠,要求进行产前诊断。
1.2. 血酰基肉碱谱分析
采末梢血滴于专用采血滤纸(S & S903#)上,室温自然晾干后待检。参照文献 [ 2 ] 中血酰基肉碱的检测方法,并采用定量分析软件自动计算出所测样品中氨基酸和酰基肉碱的浓度。
1.3. CPT2基因突变分析及产前诊断
根据知情同意原则,采集患儿及父母外周静脉血2 mL,EDTA抗凝处理,常规酚-氯法提取血液基因组DNA。患儿母亲妊娠16周,围产期检查胎儿发育正常,B超引导下抽取羊水20 mL,离心后分取细胞,提取DNA。针对CPT2基因的5个外显子,采用Primer Premier 5.0设计引物,扩增全部外显子以及与外显子交界的部分内含子区域。PCR反应体系为25 μL,包括TaKaRa LA Taq premix 12.5 μL,上、下游引物混合液0.75 μL(10 pmol/μL),基因组DNA100 ng,加去离子水至25 μL。PCR反应条件:95℃预变性3 min;94℃变性30 s,60℃退火30 s,72℃延伸40 s,38个循环;72℃延伸8 min。PCR产物经1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定。PCR扩增产物送英骏生物公司测序,结果与人类基因组CPT2基因序列进行比较。
2. 结果
2.1. 血酰基肉碱谱分析结果
患儿6种血长链酰基肉碱水平均升高( 表 1 ),其中血棕榈酰肉碱(C16)为24.2 μmol/L(正常参考值0.5~6.0 μmol/L),显著增高,高度怀疑CPTⅡ缺乏症。
患儿血酰基肉碱谱分析结果(μmol/L)
2.2. 患儿及父母CPT2基因测序结果
患儿CPT2基因外显子编码区测序结果提示已知致病突变c.886C > T(p.R296X)和c.1148T > A(p.F383Y) [ 3 - 4 ] ,突变来自父母双方,见 图 1 。
CPTⅡ缺乏症家系CPT2基因测序结果
①②为正常对照序列;③、④分别为患儿CPT2基因c.886C > T(p.R296X)和c.1148T > A(p.F383Y)突变(箭头所示);⑤示父亲CPT2基因c.886C > T(p.R296X)杂合突变(箭头所示);⑥示母亲CPT2基因c.1148T > A(p.F383Y)杂合突变(箭头所示);⑦示胎儿CPT2基因c.886C > T(p.R296X)杂合突变(箭头所示);⑧示胎儿CPT2基因未检测出c.1148T > A(p.F383Y)突变。
2.3. 第二胎同胞产前诊断结果
先证者母亲妊娠16周,围产期检查胎儿发育正常,于B超引导下抽取羊水20 mL,离心分取羊水细胞,提取DNA进行CPT2基因分析,提示胎儿为c.886C > T(p.R296X)突变携带者,见 图 1 。
胎儿出生后血酰基肉碱谱筛查未见明显异常( 表 2 ),目前门诊随访至今6个月,生长及运动发育均达到正常同龄儿童水平。
第二胎血酰基肉碱谱分析结果(μmol/L)