Amazon CloudWatch instance-level metrics for Amazon RDS
Amazon CloudWatch usage metrics for Amazon RDS
Amazon CloudWatch metrics for Amazon RDS
Amazon CloudWatch metrics provide insights into the performance and health of Amazon RDS instances and clusters, allowing you to monitor system behavior and make data-driven decisions. These metrics help track resource utilization, database activity, and operational efficiency, offering visibility into how your instances are performing.
This reference outlines the specific metrics available for Amazon RDS and explains how to interpret and use them to optimize database performance, troubleshoot issues, and ensure high availability.
Amazon RDS publishes metrics to Amazon CloudWatch in the
AWS/RDS
and
AWS/Usage
namespaces.
Topics
Amazon CloudWatch instance-level metrics for Amazon RDS
The
AWS/RDS
namespace in Amazon CloudWatch includes the following instance-level metrics.
Note
The Amazon RDS console might display metrics in units that are different from the units sent to Amazon CloudWatch. For example, the Amazon RDS console might display a metric in megabytes (MB), while the metric is sent to Amazon CloudWatch in bytes.
BinLogDiskUsage
The amount of disk space occupied by binary logs. If automatic backups are enabled for MySQL and MariaDB instances, including read replicas, binary logs are created.
MariaDB
MySQL
Bytes
BurstBalance
The percent of General Purpose SSD (gp2) burst-bucket I/O credits available.
Percent
CheckpointLag
The amount of time since the most recent checkpoint.
CPUCreditUsage
The number of CPU credits spent by the instance for CPU utilization. One CPU credit equals one vCPU running at 100 percent utilization for one minute or an equivalent combination of vCPUs, utilization, and time. For example, you might have one vCPU running at 50 percent utilization for two minutes or two vCPUs running at 25 percent utilization for two minutes.
This metric applies only to
db.t2
,
db.t3
, and
db.t4g
instances.
Note
We recommend using the T DB instance classes only for development and test servers, or other non-production servers. For more details on the T instance classes, see DB instance class types
CPU credit metrics are available at a five-minute frequency
only. If you specify a period greater than five minutes, use the
Sum
statistic instead of the
Average
statistic.
CPUCreditBalance
The number of earned CPU credits that an instance has accrued
since it was launched or started. For T2 Standard, the
CPUCreditBalance
also includes the number of launch
credits that have been accrued.
Credits are accrued in the credit balance after they are earned, and removed from the credit balance when they are spent. The credit balance has a maximum limit, determined by the instance size. After the limit is reached, any new credits that are earned are discarded. For T2 Standard, launch credits don't count towards the limit.
The credits in the
CPUCreditBalance
are available for the instance to
spend to burst beyond its baseline CPU utilization.
When an
instance is running, credits in the
CPUCreditBalance
don't
expire. When the instance stops, the
CPUCreditBalance
does
not persist, and all accrued credits are lost.
CPU credit metrics are available at a five-minute frequency only.
This metric applies only to
db.t2
,
db.t3
, and
db.t4g
instances.
Note
We recommend using the T DB instance classes only for development and test servers, or other non-production servers. For more details on the T instance classes, see DB instance class types
Launch credits work the same way in Amazon RDS as they do in Amazon EC2. For more information, see Launch credits in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide for Linux Instances .
CPUSurplusCreditBalance
The number of surplus credits that have been spent by an unlimited instance
when its
CPUCreditBalance
value is zero.
The
CPUSurplusCreditBalance
value is paid down by earned CPU credits.
If the number of surplus credits exceeds the maximum number of credits that the
instance can earn in a 24-hour period, the spent surplus credits above the maximum
incur an additional charge.
CPU credit metrics are available at a 5-minute frequency only.
Credits (vCPU-minutes)
CPUSurplusCreditsCharged
The number of spent surplus credits that are not paid down by earned CPU credits, and which thus incur an additional charge.
Spent surplus credits are charged when any of the following occurs:
-
The spent surplus credits exceed the maximum number of credits that the instance can earn in a 24-hour period. Spent surplus credits above the maximum are charged at the end of the hour.
-
The instance is stopped or terminated.
-
The instance is switched from
unlimitedtostandard.
CPU credit metrics are available at a 5-minute frequency only.
Credits (vCPU-minutes)
DatabaseConnections
The number of client network connections to the database instance.
The number of database sessions can be higher than the metric value because the metric value doesn't include the following:
Sessions that no longer have a network connection but which the database hasn't cleaned up
Sessions created by the database engine for its own purposes
Sessions created by the database engine's parallel execution capabilities
Sessions created by the database engine job scheduler
Amazon RDS connections
Count
DiskQueueDepth
The number of outstanding I/Os (read/write requests) waiting to access the disk.
Count
DiskQueueDepthLogVolume
The number of outstanding I/Os (read/write requests) waiting to access the log volume disk.
DB instances with dedicated log volume enabled
Count
EBSByteBalance%
The percentage of throughput credits remaining in the burst bucket of your RDS database. This metric is available for basic monitoring only.
The metric value is based on the throughput of all volumes, including the root volume, rather than on only those volumes containing database files.
To find the instance sizes that support this metric, see the instance sizes with an asterisk (*) in the
EBS optimized by default
table in
Amazon EC2 User Guide
. The
Sum
statistic is not applicable to this
metric.
Percent
EBSIOBalance%
The percentage of I/O credits remaining in the burst bucket of your RDS database. This metric is available for basic monitoring only.
The metric value is based on the IOPS of all volumes, including the root volume, rather than on only those volumes containing database files.
To find the instance sizes that support this metric, see
Amazon EBS–optimized instance types
in
Amazon EC2 User Guide
. The
Sum
statistic isn't applicable to this metric.
This metric is different from
BurstBalance
. To learn how to use this metric, see
Improving application
performance and reducing costs with Amazon EBS-Optimized Instance burst capability
Percent
FailedSQLServerAgentJobsCount
The number of failed Microsoft SQL Server Agent jobs during the last minute.
Microsoft SQL Server
Count per minute
FreeableMemory
The amount of available random access memory.
For MariaDB, MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL DB instances, this metric reports the value of the
MemAvailable
field of
/proc/meminfo
.
Bytes
The amount of available local storage space.
This metric only applies to DB instance classes with NVMe SSD instance store volumes. For information about Amazon EC2 instances with NVMe SSD instance store volumes, see Instance store volumes. The equivalent RDS DB instance classes have the same instance store volumes. For example, the db.m6gd and db.r6gd DB instance classes have NVMe SSD instance store volumes.
The percentage of available local storage space.
This metric only applies to DB instance classes with NVMe SSD instance store volumes. For information about Amazon EC2 instances with NVMe SSD instance store volumes, see Instance store volumes. The equivalent RDS DB instance classes have the same instance store volumes. For example, the db.m6gd and db.r6gd DB instance classes have NVMe SSD instance store volumes.
IamDbAuthConnectionRequests
The number of connection requests using IAM authentication to the DB instance.
Count
MaximumUsedTransactionIDs
The maximum transaction IDs that have been used.
PostgreSQL
Count
NetworkReceiveThroughput
The incoming (receive) network traffic on the DB instance, including both customer database traffic and Amazon RDS traffic used for monitoring and replication.
Bytes per second
NetworkTransmitThroughput
The outgoing (transmit) network traffic on the DB instance, including both customer database traffic and Amazon RDS traffic used for monitoring and replication.
Bytes per second
OldestLogicalReplicationSlotLag
The lagging size of the Amazon RDS commits a transaction on the source database and the time when RDS applies the transaction on the replica database.
PostgreSQL
Bytes
OldestReplicationSlotLag
The lagging size of the replica lagging the most in terms of write-ahead log (WAL) data received.
PostgreSQL
Bytes
ReadIOPS
The average number of disk read I/O operations per second.
Count per second
ReadIOPSLocalStorage
The average number of disk read I/O operations to local storage per second.
This metric only applies to DB instance classes with NVMe SSD instance store volumes. For information about Amazon EC2 instances with NVMe SSD instance store volumes, see Instance store volumes. The equivalent RDS DB instance classes have the same instance store volumes. For example, the db.m6gd and db.r6gd DB instance classes have NVMe SSD instance store volumes.
ReadIOPSLogVolume
The average number of disk read I/O operations per second for the log volume.
DB instances with dedicated log volume enabled
Count per second
ReadLatency
The average amount of time taken per disk I/O operation.
Seconds
ReadLatencyLocalStorage
The average amount of time taken per disk I/O operation for local storage.
This metric only applies to DB instance classes with NVMe SSD instance store volumes. For information about Amazon EC2 instances with NVMe SSD instance store volumes, see Instance store volumes. The equivalent RDS DB instance classes have the same instance store volumes. For example, the db.m6gd and db.r6gd DB instance classes have NVMe SSD instance store volumes.
ReadLatencyLogVolume
The average amount of time taken per disk I/O operation for the log volume.
DB instances with dedicated log volume enabled
Seconds
ReadThroughput
The average number of bytes read from disk per second.
Bytes per second
ReadThroughputLocalStorage
The average number of bytes read from disk per second for local storage.
This metric only applies to DB instance classes with NVMe SSD instance store volumes. For information about Amazon EC2 instances with NVMe SSD instance store volumes, see Instance store volumes. The equivalent RDS DB instance classes have the same instance store volumes. For example, the db.m6gd and db.r6gd DB instance classes have NVMe SSD instance store volumes.
ReadThroughputLogVolume
The average number of bytes read from disk per second for the log volume.
DB instances with dedicated log volume enabled
Bytes per second
ReplicaLag
For read replica configurations, the amount of time a read replica DB instance lags behind the source DB instance. Applies to MariaDB, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL read replicas.
For Multi-AZ DB clusters, the difference in time between the latest transaction on the writer DB instance and the latest applied transaction on a reader DB instance.
ReplicationChannelLag
For multi-source replica configurations, the amount of time a particular channel on the multi-source replica lags behind the source DB instance. For more information, see Monitoring multi-source replication channels .
MySQL
Seconds
ReplicationSlotDiskUsage
The disk space used by replication slot files.
PostgreSQL
Bytes
SwapUsage
The amount of swap space used on the DB instance.
MariaDB
MySQL
Oracle
PostgreSQL
Bytes
TempDbAvailableDataSpace
The amount of available data space on the tempdb and the volume where tempdb is located.
Use this metric to monitor tempdb data space availability and plan capacity accordingly. Low values may indicate the need to increase storage or optimize queries that heavily use tempdb.
SQL Server
Bytes
TempDbAvailableLogSpace
The amount of available log space on the tempdb and the volume where tempdb is located.
Use this metric to monitor tempdb log space availability and prevent transaction log full conditions. Critical for workloads with large transactions or high concurrency that generate significant log activity.
SQL Server
Bytes
TempDbDataFileUsage
The percentage of data files used on the tempdb. This metric doesn't account for potential file growth.
Use this metric to monitor tempdb data file utilization and identify potential performance bottlenecks. High values may indicate the need to optimize queries that create large temporary objects or increase tempdb size.
SQL Server
Percent
TempDbLogFileUsage
The percentage of log files used on the tempdb. This metric doesn't account for potential file growth.
Use this metric to monitor tempdb log file utilization and prevent performance issues. High values may indicate long-running transactions or excessive logging activity that could impact overall database performance.
SQL Server
Percent
TransactionLogsDiskUsage
The disk space used by transaction logs.
PostgreSQL
Bytes
TransactionLogsGeneration
The size of transaction logs generated per second.
PostgreSQL
Bytes per second
WriteIOPS
The average number of disk write I/O operations per second.
Count per second
WriteIOPSLocalStorage
The average number of disk write I/O operations per second on local storage.
This metric only applies to DB instance classes with NVMe SSD instance store volumes. For information about Amazon EC2 instances with NVMe SSD instance store volumes, see Instance store volumes . The equivalent RDS DB instance classes have the same instance store volumes. For example, the db.m6gd and db.r6gd DB instance classes have NVMe SSD instance store volumes.
WriteIOPSLogVolume
The average number of disk write I/O operations per second for the log volume.
DB instances with dedicated log volume enabled
Count per second
WriteLatency
The average amount of time taken per disk I/O operation.
Seconds
WriteLatencyLocalStorage
The average amount of time taken per disk I/O operation on local storage.
This metric only applies to DB instance classes with NVMe SSD instance store volumes. For information about Amazon EC2 instances with NVMe SSD instance store volumes, see Instance store volumes. The equivalent RDS DB instance classes have the same instance store volumes. For example, the db.m6gd and db.r6gd DB instance classes have NVMe SSD instance store volumes.
WriteLatencyLogVolume
The average amount of time taken per disk I/O operation for the log volume.
DB instances with dedicated log volume enabled
Seconds
WriteThroughput
The average number of bytes written to disk per second.
Bytes per second
WriteThroughputLogVolume
The average number of bytes written to disk per second for the log volume.
DB instances with dedicated log volume enabled
Bytes per second
WriteThroughputLocalStorage
The average number of bytes written to disk per second for local storage.
This metric only applies to DB instance classes with NVMe SSD instance store volumes. For information about Amazon EC2 instances with NVMe SSD instance store volumes, see Instance store volumes. The equivalent RDS DB instance classes have the same instance store volumes. For example, the db.m6gd and db.r6gd DB instance classes have NVMe SSD instance store volumes.
Amazon CloudWatch usage metrics for Amazon RDS
The
AWS/Usage
namespace in Amazon CloudWatch includes account-level usage metrics for your Amazon RDS service quotas. CloudWatch collects usage
metrics automatically for all AWS Regions.
For more information, see CloudWatch usage metrics in the Amazon CloudWatch User Guide . For more information about quotas, see Quotas and constraints for Amazon RDS and Requesting a quota increase in the Service Quotas User Guide .
Metric Description Units*
AllocatedStorage
The total storage for all DB instances. The sum excludes temporary migration instances.
Gigabytes
AuthorizationsPerDBSecurityGroup
The number of ingress rules per DB security group in your AWS account. The used value is the highest number of ingress rules in a DB security group in the account. Other DB security groups in the account might have a lower number of ingress rules.
Count
CustomEndpointsPerDBCluster
The number of custom endpoints per DB cluster in your AWS account. The used value is the highest number of custom endpoints in a DB cluster in the account. Other DB clusters in the account might have a lower number of custom endpoints.
Count
CustomEngineVersions
The number of custom engine versions (CEVs) for Amazon RDS Custom in your AWS account.
Count
DBClusterParameterGroups
The number of DB cluster parameter groups in your AWS account. The count excludes default parameter groups.
Count
DBClusterRoles
The number of associated AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) roles per DB cluster in your AWS account. The used value is the highest number of associated IAM roles for a DB cluster in the account. Other DB clusters in the account might have a lower number of associated IAM roles.
Count
DBClusters
The number of Amazon Aurora DB clusters in your AWS account.
Count
DBInstanceRoles
The number of associated AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) roles per DB instance in your AWS account. The used value is the highest number of associated IAM roles for a DB instance in the account. Other DB instances in the account might have a lower number of associated IAM roles.
Count
DBInstances
The number of DB instances in your AWS account.
Count
DBParameterGroups
The number of DB parameter groups in your AWS account. The count excludes the default DB parameter groups.
Count
DBSecurityGroups
The number of security groups in your AWS account. The count excludes the default security group and the default VPC security group.
Count
DBSubnetGroups
The number of DB subnet groups in your AWS account. The count excludes the default subnet group.
Count
EventSubscriptions
The number of event notification subscriptions in your AWS account.
Count
Integrations
The number of zero-ETL integrations with Amazon Redshift in your AWS account.
Count
ManualClusterSnapshots
The number of manually created DB cluster snapshots in your AWS account. The count excludes invalid snapshots.
Count
ManualSnapshots
The number of manually created DB snapshots in your AWS account. The count excludes invalid snapshots.
Count
OptionGroups
The number of option groups in your AWS account. The count excludes the default option groups.
Count
Proxies
The number of RDS proxies in your AWS account.
Count
ReadReplicasPerMaster
The number of read replicas per DB instance in your account. The used value is the highest number of read replicas for a DB instance in the account. Other DB instances in the account might have a lower number of read replicas.
Count
ReservedDBInstances
The number of reserved DB instances in your AWS account. The count excludes retired or declined instances.
Count
SubnetsPerDBSubnetGroup
The number of subnets per DB subnet group in your AWS account. The highest number of subnets for a DB subnet group in the account. Other DB subnet groups in the account might have a lower number of subnets.
Count