As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with,
the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health.
Learn more:
PMC Disclaimer
Clinical analysis of selective tracheostomy necessary for patients undergoing head and neck surgery with free flap reconstruction
1
北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔生物材料重点实验室, 北京 100081, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
1
北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔生物材料重点实验室, 北京 100081, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
1
北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔生物材料重点实验室, 北京 100081, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
1
北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔生物材料重点实验室, 北京 100081, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
1
北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔生物材料重点实验室, 北京 100081, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
1
北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔生物材料重点实验室, 北京 100081, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
1
北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔生物材料重点实验室, 北京 100081, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
1
北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔生物材料重点实验室, 北京 100081, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
1
北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔生物材料重点实验室, 北京 100081, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
To discover the factors that may affect the use of selective tracheostomy among patients who have undergone head and neck surgeries with free flap reconstruction, so that the patients will not need tracheostomy nor receive the unnecessary treatment.
Methods
Five hundred and thirty-three patients who had undergone head and neck surgery with free flap reconstruction operated by the same team of surgery at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Peking University School of Stomatology from 2015 to 2016 were reviewed. Three hundred and twenty-one (60.2%) of these patients underwent selective tracheostomy. All the patients' demographic information, operation-related information, prior treatments, comorbidities and complications were recorded and analyzed.
Results
The patients with defects of the tongue, mouth floor, oropharynx and bilateral mandible, who underwent neck dissection and with previous radiotherapy and smoking habit were more likely to get selective tracheostomy. Usage of bulky soft tissue flap might also add to the risk of airway obstruction and the need of selective tracheostomy, while other factors were not significantly related to the risk of postoperative airway obstruction and the patients could be kept safe without selective tracheostomy. Most cases without tracheostomy were kept safe except one case, while 8.39% of the patients with tracheostomy suffered from tracheostomy related complications, mainly pneumonia and hemorrhage of the tracheostomy wound, yet none led to serious consequences or even death.
Conclusion
Selective tracheostomy is not necessary for patients who have undergone head and neck surgeries with free flap reconstruction except that there are defects at the tongue, oropharynx and mandible. Neck dissection, bulky soft tissue flap reconstruction, previous radiotherapy and smoking habit may also add to the risk of postoperative airway obstruction, while a favorable decision would involve a combination of all the above factors to assure the safety of the postoperative airway for the patients undergone head and neck surgeries with free flap reconstruction.
Keywords:
Tracheostomy; Airway management; Free flap reconstruction, head and neck
1.
Coyle MJ, Shrimpton A, Perkins C, et al. First do no harm: Should routine tracheostomy after oral and maxillofacial oncological operations be abandoned. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;50(8):732–735. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2012.01.003.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
2.
Archer SM, Baugh RF, Nelms CR. Tracheostomy: 2000 clinical indicators compendium[R]. Alexandria: American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2000: 45.
3.
Cramer JD, Samant S, Greenbaum E, et al. Association of airway complications with free tissue transfer to the upper aerodigestive tract with or without tracheotomy. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016;142(12):1177–1183. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2016.2002.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
4.
Patel RS, McCluskey SA, Goldstein DP, et al. Clinicopathologic and therapeutic risk factors for perioperative complications and prolonged hospital stay in free flap reconstruction of the head and neck. Head Neck. 2010;32(10):1345–1353. doi: 10.1002/hed.21331.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
5.
Marsh M, Elliott S, Anand R, et al. Early postoperative care for free flap head & neck reconstructive surgery: A national survey of practice. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;47(3):182–185. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2008.06.004.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
6.
Halfpenny W, McGurk M. Analysis of tracheostomy-associated morbidity after operations for head and neck cancer. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;38(5):509–512. doi: 10.1054/bjom.2000.0310.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
7.
Ong SK, Morton RP, Kolbe J, et al. Pulmonary complications following major head and neck surgery with tracheostomy: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of prophylactic antibiotics. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(9):1084–1087. doi: 10.1001/archotol.130.9.1084.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
8.
Haspel AC, Coviello VF, Stevens M. Retrospective study of tracheostomy indications and perioperative complications on oral and maxillofacial surgery service. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70(4):890–895. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.09.022.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
9.
Ardekian L, Barak M, Rachmiel A. Subcutaneous emphysema following emergent surgical conventional tracheostomy. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2014;7(4):290–293. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1378186.
[
DOI
] [
PMC free article
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
10.
朱 莹, 徐 辉, 朱 也森, et al. 影响颌面肿瘤手术后气道管理的手术因素分析. 组织工程与重建外科. 2011;7(5):286–289. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2011.05.013.
[
DOI
] [
Google Scholar
]
11.
Ernard AC, Kenady DE. Conventional surgical tracheostomy as the preferred method of airway management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999;57(3):310–315. doi: 10.1016/S0278-2391(99)90679-1.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
12.
Teo N, Garrahy A. Elective surgical cricothyroidotomy in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;51(8):779–782. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2013.04.002.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
13.
Bobek S, Bell RB, Dierks E, et al. Tracheotomy in the unpro-tected airway. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69:2198–2203. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.01.041.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
14.
Kainulainen S, Törnwall J, Koivusalo AM, et al. Dexamethasone in head and neck cancer patients with microvascular reconstruction: No benefit, more complications. Oral Oncol. 2017;65:45–50. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.12.008.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
15.
Crosher R, Baldie C, Mitchell R. Selective use of tracheostomy in surgery for head and neck cancer: An audit. Br J Oral Maxillofayic Surg. 1997;35(1):43–45. doi: 10.1016/S0266-4356(97)90008-5.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
16.
Meerwein C, Pézier TF, Beck-Schimmer B, et al. Airway management in head and neck cancer patients undergoing microvascular free tissue transfer: delayed extubation as an alternative to routine tracheotomy. Swiss Med Wkly. 2014;144:13941. doi: 10.4414/smw.2014.13941.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
17.
Moubayed SP, Barker DA, Razfar A, et al. Microvascular reconstruction of segmental mandibular defects without tracheostomy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;152(2):250–254. doi: 10.1177/0194599814556625.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
18.
Cameron M, Corner A, Diba A, et al. Development of a tracheostomy scoring system to guide airway management after major head and neck surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;38(8):846–849. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.03.713.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
19.
Kruse-Lösler B, Langer E, Reich A, et al. Score system for elective tracheotomy in major head and neck tumour surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2005;49(5):654–659. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00655.x.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
20.
Gupta K, Mandlik D, Patel D, et al. Clinical assessment scoring system for tracheostomy (CASST) criterion: Objective criteria to predict pre-operatively the need for a tracheostomy in head and neck malignancies. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2016;44(9):1310–1313. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.07.008.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
21.
Leiser Y, Barak M, Ghantous Y, et al. Indications for elective tracheostomy in reconstructive surgery in patients with oral Cancer. J Craniofac Surg. 2017;28(1):e18–e22. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000003168.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
22.
Mohamedbhai H, Ali S, Dimasi I, et al. TRACHY score: A simple and effective guide to management of the airway in head and neck cancer. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;56(8):709–714. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.07.015.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
23.
Singh T, Sankla P, Smith G. Tracheostomy or delayed extubation after maxillofacial free-flap reconstruction. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;54(8):878–882. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.05.026.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
24.
Weaver TS, Wester JL, Gleysteen JP, et al. Surgical outcomes in the elderly patient after osteocutaneous free flap transfer. Laryngoscope. 2014;124(11):2484–2488. doi: 10.1002/lary.24762.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
25.
Chen XF, Chen YM, Gokavarapu S, et al. Free flap reconstruction for patients aged 85 years and over with head and neck cancer: clinical considerations for comprehensive care. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;55(8):793–797. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.07.003.
[
DOI
] [
PubMed
] [
Google Scholar
]
Articles from Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) are provided here courtesy of
Editorial Office of Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, Peking University Health Science Center