With the advent of an aging society, the cognitive function and mental health of older adults have elicited more interest. It has become focal points of societal attention in recent years to enable the older adult to lead fulfilling lives in their later years, and provide leisure activities for them. This study primarily focuses on developing the four-color theorem game suitable for community-dwelling older adult individuals and explores its preliminary impact on their cognitive function and mental health.
This research is divided into two phases. The first phase refers to the design principles of games for older adults and the four-color theorem game to develop a modified version for community-dwelling older adults. In the second phase, this study investigates the effects of introducing the four-color theorem game on the cognitive function and mental health of community-dwelling older adults. This research adopts a quasi-experimental design, selecting two village offices in Taipei through purposive sampling. Participants were non-randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. Recruitment was conducted at the village offices. The experimental group engaged in weekly four-color theorem games for an eight-week period, while the control group continued with their regular daily activities. A total of 40 participants meeting the criteria were invited to participate in this study, with 21 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group. The research utilized structured questionnaires for data collection, including demographic variables, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the face scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Data were collected at pre-test and post-test, and data analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, and multivariable regression analysis.
The results indicate that the average age of the participants in this study was 77.60±6.53 years. The majority of the participants were female (90%), and the educational levels of most of them were below junior high school (45%). In terms of marital status, the majority of the participants were married (62.5%), and the frequency of activity participation was 2 to 3 times per week (60%).In the first stage of the study, adjustments were made to the four-color theorem game in terms of participants, activity duration, and difficulty, developing it into a game suitable for community-dwelling older adults. When actually applied to community-dwelling older adults, it was observed that there was a high level of interest among older adults in the four-color theorem game, making it a suitable game for community-dwelling older adults. The second phase revealed that the participants were enthusiastic about engaging in the four-color theorem game, but the effects on cognitive function and mental health were not significant. The experimental group showed a significant improvement in cognitive function after the intervention compared to the pre-test (t=-2.547, p=.019). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (F=1.124, p=.352). Regarding mental health, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the face scale (F=0.687, p=.566), but there was a significant difference in the Geriatric Depression Scale (F=2.979, p=.045).
Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that in the future, the four-color theorem game can be applied in the community and extended to more domains as an activity to enhance depression in older adults. Further research can be conducted on the four-color theorem game to explore its effectiveness on older adults.
摘要i
Abstractii
目錄iv
表目錄vi
圖目錄vii
第一章 緒論1
第一節 研究背景與動機1
第二節 研究目的2
第三節 研究問題2
第四節 名詞解釋2
第二章 文獻探討3
第一節 社區高齡者認知功能及心理健康3
第二節 四色定理及應用狀況9
第三章 研究方法10
第一節 第一階段 發展社區高齡者之四色定理遊戲10
第二節 第二階段 研究設計與流程14
第三節 研究對象16
第四節 介入措施16
第五節 研究工具17
第六節 資料處理分析18
第七節 研究倫理18
第四章 研究結果19
第一節 個案狀況19
第二節 適合社區高齡者的四色定理遊戲21
第三節 四色定理於社區高齡者的成效23
第五章 討論26
第一節 社區高齡者適合之四色定理遊戲26
第二節 社區高齡者四色定理遊戲執行狀況28
第三節 四色定理遊戲活動對社區高齡者心理健康之探討30
第四節 四色定理遊戲活動對社區高齡者認知功能之探討31
第六章 結論與建議32
第一節 研究結論32
第二節 研究建議33
第三節 研究限制34
參考文獻35
附件一 研究問卷39
附件二 社區推動手冊43
附件三 四色定理遊戲說明書64
附件四 同意人體研究證明書72
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