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<main role="main" id="main-content" class="page-template-page-raw-text page-wrapper-on-load"> <section id="post-23963" class="post-23963 guide type-guide status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry guide-tags-automation-testing guide-tags-selenium guide-tags-selenium-webdriver guide-category-tutorials"> <div id="guideBannerSection" class="hide-xs hide-sm guide-banner-section " data-lazy-ratina="background-image: url('https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/themes/browserstack/img/guide/guide-banner-image@2x.webp');" data-lazy-style="background-image: url('https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/themes/browserstack/img/guide/guide-banner-image@1x.webp');"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="guide-banner-section__main col-xs-12 no-pad col-sm-6 col-md-8"> <p class="guide-banner-section__heading">App &amp; Browser Testing Made Easy</p> <p class="guide-banner-section__desc">Give your users a seamless experience by testing on 3000+ real devices and browsers. Don't compromise with emulators and simulators</p> <div class="guide-banner-section__btn-wrapper"> <a href="/users/sign_up?ref=guide-hero-unit-exp1" class="btn-primary btn-lg col-md-3 custom-btn-amp-events" data-btn-eventname="ClickedGetStarted" data-btn-ampjson="{}">Get Started free</a> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <article class="raw-text-habitat clear " id="singlePageArticle"> <div class="container "> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-10 col-lg-10 col-center"> <div class="raw-text-pad-top single-guide-padding-top "> <div class="page-header-2"> <div class="doc-header-breadcrumbs mob-breadcrumbs"> <span><a href="/" title="BrowserStack">Home</a></span> <span><a href="/guide">Guide</a></span> <span class="hide-xs">How to handle Alerts and Popups in Selenium?</span> </div> <h1>How to handle Alerts and Popups in Selenium?</h1> <p>By Neha Vaidya, Community Contributor <span class="post-separator">-</span> <span class="post-date">October 2, 2023</span></p> <div class="social-share"> <div class="social-share__wrap"> <a title="Share on LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.browserstack.com%2Fguide%2Falerts-and-popups-in-selenium" class="social-share__link social-link-linkedin" data-btn-eventname="SocialSharingIcon" data-btn-ampjson="{&quot;platform&quot;:&quot;LinkedIn&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;Top&quot;}"/> <a title="Share on Facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.browserstack.com%2Fguide%2Falerts-and-popups-in-selenium" class="social-share__link social-link-facebook" data-btn-eventname="SocialSharingIcon" data-btn-ampjson="{&quot;platform&quot;:&quot;Facebook&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;Top&quot;}"/> <a title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.browserstack.com%2Fguide%2Falerts-and-popups-in-selenium&amp;text=How to handle Alerts and Popups in Selenium?&amp;via=browserstack" class="social-share__link social-link-twitter" data-btn-eventname="SocialSharingIcon" data-btn-ampjson="{&quot;platform&quot;:&quot;Twitter&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;Top&quot;}"/> <a title="Share on WhatsApp" href="https://web.whatsapp.com/send?text=How to handle Alerts and Popups in Selenium? https%3A%2F%2Fwww.browserstack.com%2Fguide%2Falerts-and-popups-in-selenium" class="social-share__link social-link-whatsapp" data-btn-eventname="SocialSharingIcon" data-btn-ampjson="{&quot;platform&quot;:&quot;WhatsApp&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;Top&quot;}"/></div> </div> </div> <div class=" guide-content"> <p>Assume you are filling out an application form and miss out on a few details mistakenly. How do you know this unless there is an alert or a pop-up window to notify you? This article discusses in detail what is an alert in selenium and how to handle them.</p><p>To get hands-on how to handle alerts and popups in Selenium, let’s dive deeper into the below-mentioned topics.</p><div class="guide-toc"><span class="guide-toc__heading">Table of Contents</span><div class="guide-toc__list"><ul><li><a data-scrollto="#toc0" href="#toc0">What are Alerts in Selenium?</a></li><li><a data-scrollto="#toc1" href="#toc1">Types of Alerts in Selenium</a></li><li><a data-scrollto="#toc2" href="#toc2">How to Handle Alerts in Selenium?</a></li><li><a data-scrollto="#toc3" href="#toc3">Real-time Example of Alert Handling</a></li><li><a data-scrollto="#toc4" href="#toc4">What are Popups in Selenium?</a></li><li><a data-scrollto="#toc5" href="#toc5">How to handle popups in Selenium</a></li><li><a data-scrollto="#toc6" href="#toc6">Handling Web Dialog Box/Popup Window using Selenium</a></li></ul></div></div><h3><strong>What are Alerts in Selenium?</strong></h3><p>Alert in Selenium is a message/notification box that notifies the user about some information or asks for permission to perform a certain kind of operation. It may be used for warning purposes as well.</p><h3>Types of Alerts in Selenium</h3><p>There are three types of Alert in <a title="What is Selenium" href="https://www.browserstack.com/selenium">Selenium</a>, described as follows:</p><ol><li>Simple Alert</li><li>Prompt Alert</li><li>Confirmation Alert</li></ol><p><strong>1. Simple Alert</strong></p><p>This alert is used to notify a simple warning message with an ‘OK’ button, as shown in the below snapshot.</p><p><strong><img decoding="async" width="435" height="115" class="b-lazy b-lazy-hidden size-full wp-image-23969 alignnone" title="Handling Simple Alert in Selenium" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0naHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmcnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzIDInPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-lazy-type="image" data-id="23969" data-lazy-src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Simple-Alert-in-Selenium.png" alt="Handling Simple Alert in Selenium" data-lazy-srcset="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Simple-Alert-in-Selenium.png 435w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Simple-Alert-in-Selenium-250x66.png 250w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Simple-Alert-in-Selenium-120x32.png 120w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Simple-Alert-in-Selenium-320x85.png 320w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="435" height="115" class="size-full wp-image-23969 alignnone" title="Handling Simple Alert in Selenium" src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Simple-Alert-in-Selenium.png" alt="Handling Simple Alert in Selenium" srcset="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Simple-Alert-in-Selenium.png 435w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Simple-Alert-in-Selenium-250x66.png 250w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Simple-Alert-in-Selenium-120x32.png 120w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Simple-Alert-in-Selenium-320x85.png 320w" sizes="(max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px"/></noscript></strong></p><p><strong>2. Prompt Alert</strong></p><p>This alert will ask the user to input the required information to complete the task. In the below snapshot, you can see that without entering the destination for Hotel, you are not allowed to hit the search button.</p><p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1242" height="251" class="b-lazy b-lazy-hidden alignnone size-full wp-image-23968" title="Handling Prompt Alert in Selenium" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0naHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmcnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzIDInPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-lazy-type="image" data-id="23968" data-lazy-mob-srcset="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium-640x129.png 1x, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium-768x155.png 2x" data-lazy-src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium.png" alt="Handling Prompt Alert in Selenium" data-lazy-srcset="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium.png 1242w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium-250x51.png 250w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium-700x141.png 700w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium-768x155.png 768w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium-120x24.png 120w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium-320x65.png 320w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium-640x129.png 640w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1242px) 100vw, 1242px"/></p><noscript><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1242" height="251" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-23968" title="Handling Prompt Alert in Selenium" src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium.png" alt="Handling Prompt Alert in Selenium" srcset="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium.png 1242w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium-250x51.png 250w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium-700x141.png 700w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium-768x155.png 768w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium-120x24.png 120w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium-320x65.png 320w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Prompt-Alert-in-Selenium-640x129.png 640w" sizes="(max-width: 1242px) 100vw, 1242px"/></noscript><p>Now, this input can be entered with the help of <strong>sendKeys(“input_text”)</strong> method in <a title="What is Selenium Webdriver" href="https://www.browserstack.com/guide/selenium-webdriver-tutorial">Selenium Webdriver</a>.</p><p><strong>3. Confirmation Alert</strong></p><p>This alert is basically used for the confirmation of some tasks. For Example: Do you wish to continue a particular task? Yes or No? The snapshot below depicts the same.</p><p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="441" height="122" class="b-lazy b-lazy-hidden alignnone size-full wp-image-23967" title="Handling Confirmation Alert in Selenium" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0naHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmcnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzIDInPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-lazy-type="image" data-id="23967" data-lazy-src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Confirmation-Alert-in-Selenium.png" alt="Handling Confirmation Alert in Selenium" data-lazy-srcset="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Confirmation-Alert-in-Selenium.png 441w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Confirmation-Alert-in-Selenium-250x69.png 250w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Confirmation-Alert-in-Selenium-120x33.png 120w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Confirmation-Alert-in-Selenium-320x89.png 320w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 441px) 100vw, 441px"/></p><noscript><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="441" height="122" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-23967" title="Handling Confirmation Alert in Selenium" src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Confirmation-Alert-in-Selenium.png" alt="Handling Confirmation Alert in Selenium" srcset="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Confirmation-Alert-in-Selenium.png 441w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Confirmation-Alert-in-Selenium-250x69.png 250w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Confirmation-Alert-in-Selenium-120x33.png 120w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Handling-Confirmation-Alert-in-Selenium-320x89.png 320w" sizes="(max-width: 441px) 100vw, 441px"/></noscript><p>Now that you know what are alerts in selenium and its types, let’s move further and understand how to handle alerts in selenium.</p><div class="guide-highlight-section green-section"><p><strong>Also Read:</strong> <a title="Selenium Commands every Developer or Tester must know" href="https://www.browserstack.com/guide/selenium-commands" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Selenium Commands every Developer or Tester must know</a></p></div><h3>How to Handle Alerts in Selenium?</h3><p>Handling alerts manually is a tedious task. To reduce human intervention and ease this task, Selenium provides a wide range of functionalities and methods to handle alerts.</p><p>The following methods are useful to handle alerts in Selenium:</p><p><strong>1. Void dismiss():</strong> This method is used when the ‘Cancel’ button is clicked in the alert box.</p><pre class="prettyprint">driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss();</pre><p><strong>2. Void accept():</strong> This method is used to click on the ‘OK’ button of the alert.</p><pre class="prettyprint">driver.switchTo().alert().accept();</pre><p><strong>3. String getText():</strong> This method is used to capture the alert message.</p><pre class="prettyprint">driver.switchTo().alert().getText();</pre><p><strong>4. Void sendKeys(String stringToSend):</strong> This method is used to send data to the alert box.</p><pre class="prettyprint">driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("Text");</pre><div class="guide-highlight-section green-section"><p style="text-align: left"><strong>Tip of the day:</strong> <a title="Selenium tricks and tips" href="https://www.browserstack.com/guide/selenium-webdriver-tricks" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">5 Selenium tricks to make your life easier</a></p></div><p>Now let’s understand how exactly alerts in selenium work with the help of an example.</p><h3><strong>Real-time Example of Alert Handling</strong></h3><p>Let’s take the example of the BrowserStack website. Using the <a href="/users/sign_up" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Browserstack sign up page</a> for alert handling. Initially, enter the requested details as shown in the below snapshot.</p><p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="392" height="312" class="b-lazy b-lazy-hidden alignnone size-full wp-image-23971" title="Sign-up page Example" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0naHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmcnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzIDInPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-lazy-type="image" data-id="23971" data-lazy-src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Sign-up-page-Example.png" alt="Sign-up page Example" data-lazy-srcset="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Sign-up-page-Example.png 392w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Sign-up-page-Example-250x199.png 250w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Sign-up-page-Example-120x96.png 120w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Sign-up-page-Example-320x255.png 320w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px"/></p><noscript><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="392" height="312" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-23971" title="Sign-up page Example" src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Sign-up-page-Example.png" alt="Sign-up page Example" srcset="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Sign-up-page-Example.png 392w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Sign-up-page-Example-250x199.png 250w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Sign-up-page-Example-120x96.png 120w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Sign-up-page-Example-320x255.png 320w" sizes="(max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px"/></noscript><p>Now, without checking the box of <em>Terms of Service</em>, click on the “<strong>Sign me up</strong>” button. As it is necessary to accept Terms of Service, it will throw an Alert to check the box of <em>Privacy Policy</em>. The snapshot below depicts the same.</p><p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="810" height="61" class="b-lazy b-lazy-hidden alignnone size-full wp-image-23966" title="Alert Handling in Selenium" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0naHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmcnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzIDInPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-lazy-type="image" data-id="23966" data-lazy-mob-srcset="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium-640x48.png 1x, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium-768x58.png 2x" data-lazy-src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium.png" alt="Alert Handling in Selenium" data-lazy-srcset="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium.png 810w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium-250x19.png 250w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium-700x53.png 700w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium-768x58.png 768w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium-120x9.png 120w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium-320x24.png 320w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium-640x48.png 640w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px"/></p><noscript><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="810" height="61" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-23966" title="Alert Handling in Selenium" src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium.png" alt="Alert Handling in Selenium" srcset="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium.png 810w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium-250x19.png 250w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium-700x53.png 700w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium-768x58.png 768w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium-120x9.png 120w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium-320x24.png 320w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Alert-Handling-in-Selenium-640x48.png 640w" sizes="(max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px"/></noscript><p>The task here is to handle this alert. Let’s write a Selenium test script to handle alerts.</p><pre class="prettyprint">import org.openqa.selenium.By;&#13; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;&#13; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;&#13; import org.openqa.selenium.NoAlertPresentException; &#13; import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;&#13; public class AlertHandlingDemo {&#13; public static void main(String[] args) throws NoAlertPresentException,InterruptedException { &#13; System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","Path_of_Chrome_Driver"); //mention dummy path or variable that stores chrome driver path &#13; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.browserstack.com/users/sign_up");&#13; driver.findElement(By.id("user_full_name")).sendKeys("username"); driver.findElement(By.id("input-lg text user_email_ajax")).sendKeys("username.xyz.net");&#13; driver.findElement(By.id("user_password")).sendKeys("Your_Password");&#13; driver.findElement(By.id("user_submit")).click();&#13; Thread.sleep(5000);&#13; Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); // switch to alert&#13; String alertMessage= driver.switchTo().alert().getText(); // capture alert message&#13; System.out.println(alertMessage); // Print Alert Message&#13; Thread.sleep(5000);&#13; alert.accept(); &#13; }</pre><p>When you execute the above code, it navigates through the <strong>Sign up page</strong>, inputs the necessary details, hits the Sign me up button and throws the alert.</p><p>Next, the driver will switch to alert, try to capture the alert message, and then display the message.</p><p><strong>Note:</strong> To cross-verify or handle alerts manually, one can paste the below command.</p><pre class="prettyprint">driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@class='bs-alert-close']")).click();</pre><p>That’s all about how to handle alerts in selenium. With this, let’s move further with this article and understand the fundamentals of pop-ups in selenium.</p><p>In case you are facing any issues, read about <a title="Exceptions in Selenium" href="https://www.browserstack.com/guide/exceptions-in-selenium-webdriver">how to handle common exceptions in Selenium Webdriver</a>.</p><div class="guide-highlight-section green-section"><p><b>Pro Tip:</b><span style="font-weight: 400"> Want to dive deeper into Selenium implementation on BrowserStack with free interactive courses and lab exercises? </span><a title="Software testing skills to make you future-ready" href="https://www.browserstack.com/test-university?ref=guide" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400">Visit Test University</span></a></p></div><h3><strong>What are Popups in Selenium?</strong></h3><p>Popup is a window that displays or pops up on the screen due to some activity. If one wishes to know about the various scenarios of pop-ups and how to handle them, read the <a href="https://www.browserstack.com/automate/handle-popups-alerts-prompts-in-automated-tests">documentation page</a>.</p><h3><strong>How to handle popups in Selenium</strong></h3><p>In Selenium Webdriver, there are multiple methods to handle popups:</p><p><strong>1. Driver.getWindowHandles();</strong></p><p>In order to handle the opened windows by Selenium Webdriver, you can use <em>Driver.getWindowHandles()</em> to switch between the windows.</p><p><strong>2. Driver.getWindowHandle();</strong></p><p>When the webpage is loaded, you can handle the main window by using <em>driver.getWindowHandle()</em>. It will handle the current window that uniquely identifies within the driver instance.</p><div class="guide-highlight-section blue-section"><p style="text-align: left"><strong>Also Read:</strong> <a title="Handling multiple windows in Selenium" href="https://www.browserstack.com/guide/handle-multiple-windows-in-selenium">How to handle multiple windows in Selenium</a></p></div><p>Now let’s move further and understand how to handle a web dialog box or a pop up window using Selenium Webdriver with the help of an example.</p><h3><strong>Handling Web Dialog Box/Popup Window using Selenium</strong></h3><p>In Selenium, a robot class is used to handle the keyboard and mouse functions. It is used to close the pop-up window. You can get the window handle of the pop-up window using the <em>WindowHandle()</em> function.</p><p>I have created my own webpage to demonstrate popup handling in Selenium. You can copy the same code and paste in notepad and save it as <strong>.html</strong> file to proceed with testing.</p><div class="guide-highlight-section green-section"><p>Before running the code, one should do a quick check on 6 things to avoid while running selenium scrips. <strong><a title="Selenium test scripts" href="https://www.browserstack.com/guide/things-to-avoid-in-selenium-test-scripts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Check it out</a></strong>.</p></div><pre class="prettyprint">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;&#13; &lt;style&gt;&#13; color: blue;&#13; margin-left: 60px;&#13; button {&#13; color: white;&#13; margin-left: 60px;&#13; background-color: black;&#13; border: none;&#13; padding: 15px 32px;&#13; text-align: center;&#13; text-decoration: none;&#13; display: inline-block;&#13; font-size: 16px;&#13; button:hover {&#13; background-color: grey;&#13; color: black;&#13; .column {&#13; float: left;&#13; width: 33.33%;&#13; /* Clear floats after the columns */&#13; .row:after {&#13; content: "";&#13; display: table;&#13; clear: both;&#13; &lt;/style&gt;&#13; &lt;/head&gt;&#13; &lt;div class=column&gt;&#13; &lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;alt="BrowserStack" width="400" height="80"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#13; &lt;h1&gt;&lt;center&gt;Alerts and popups in Selenium&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&#13; &lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;button id="PopUp" onclick="return popup(this, 'notes')"&gt;PopUp&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#13; &lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;img src="sel.png" alt="BrowserStack" width="400" height="400"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#13; &lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt;&#13; function popup()&#13; myWindow = window.open("", "myWindow", "width=400,height=200");&#13; myWindow.document.write("&lt;p&gt;This is a selenium popup window&lt;/p&gt;");&#13; &lt;/script&gt;&#13; &lt;/body&gt;&#13; &lt;/html&gt;</pre><p>Now when you execute this and click on Pop Up, a window will be displayed as shown below.</p><p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="396" height="248" class="b-lazy b-lazy-hidden alignnone size-full wp-image-23970" title="Handling Popup window in Selenium" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0naHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmcnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzIDInPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-lazy-type="image" data-id="23970" data-lazy-src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Popup-window.png" alt="Handling Popup window in Selenium" data-lazy-srcset="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Popup-window.png 396w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Popup-window-250x157.png 250w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Popup-window-120x75.png 120w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Popup-window-320x200.png 320w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px"/></p><noscript><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="396" height="248" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-23970" title="Handling Popup window in Selenium" src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Popup-window.png" alt="Handling Popup window in Selenium" srcset="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Popup-window.png 396w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Popup-window-250x157.png 250w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Popup-window-120x75.png 120w, https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Popup-window-320x200.png 320w" sizes="(max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px"/></noscript><p>Now let’s write a code to handle this dialog box.</p><pre class="prettyprint">import java.util.Iterator; &#13; import java.util.Set; &#13; import org.openqa.selenium.By; &#13; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;&#13; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;&#13; public class Popup_Demo { &#13; public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { &#13; WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get("Webpage link"); &#13; driver.manage().window().maximize(); &#13; Thread.sleep();&#13; driver.findElement(By.id("PopUp")).click(); // Clicking on the popup button&#13; Robot robot = new Robot();&#13; robot.mouseMove(400.5); // Navigating through mouse hover. Note that the coordinates might differ, kindly check the coordinates of x and y axis and update it accordingly.&#13; robot.mousePress(InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK);&#13;