The answer at
https://quality.embarcadero.com/browse/RSP-31406
is misleading. It says "RESOLVED - Fixed in Alexandria 11". I don't believe this is the case, as I don't believe it's a Delphi problem, but a Windows issue. (That won't be resolved as the protcols being used by the server are the TLS_ECDHE_RSA which are not available on EOL operating systems).
If the server being connected to is 3rd party, and you have no control over the certificates - I believe the only solutions will either be to update the operating system or otherwise switch to a component suite that uses a 3rd party SSL library (such as OpenSSL). I'm not sure but I think you could do this with some Indy components.