角膜移植手術，由原本的全層角膜移植手術，在近十多年來有了新的突破與進展，往分層角膜移植的方向邁進。若病患是角膜內皮細胞的相關疾病，可以採用角膜內皮細胞移植手術(endothelial keratoplasty)，進行帶有部分角膜基質及角膜後彈力膜的(Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, DSAEK)或僅帶有角膜後彈力膜及內皮細胞(Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty, DMEK)手術予以治療，前者已經成為主流手術，後者視力預 後更佳但技術上較為困難。而若是角膜基質受損，但內皮細胞功能健康者，則可以進行前角膜深層移植手術(deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, DALK)，僅替換不透光的基質，保留自己的內皮細胞。不論是哪種分層手術，視力預後和排斥率皆較傳統的全層角膜移植手術來的低，是未來角膜手術發展的趨勢。

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