Deprecated imperative apply of Flutter's Gradle plugins

link管理

链接快照平台

输入网页链接，自动生成快照
标签化管理网页链接

相关文章推荐

无聊的大熊猫 · LINK : fatal error ...· 1 月前 ·

稳重的刺猬 · Undefined references ...· 1 月前 ·

不爱学习的柠檬 · GitHub - ...· 3 周前 ·

长情的紫菜汤 · Xcode 14 error Build ...· 3 周前 ·

英姿勃勃的山羊 · [SOLVED] How to build ...· 1 周前 ·

好帅的抽屉 · 施一公_北京生物结构前沿研究中心· 2 月前 ·

个性的紫菜汤 · 《藏海花》吴邪遭差评一片，看完这几个帅哥，我 ...· 4 月前 ·

谦逊的灌汤包 · 上海市经济信息化委关于开展2024年度 ...· 4 月前 ·

博学的企鹅 · Python 读取 yaml 配置文件 | ...· 6 月前 ·

气势凌人的打火机 · Neural Computing and ...· 1 年前 ·

</noscript><div id="overlay-under-drawer"/><header class="site-header"><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md justify-content-start justify-content-md-between"><button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"><i class="material-symbols">menu</i></button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/"><img src="/assets/images/branding/flutter/logo+text/horizontal/default.svg" alt="Flutter logo" height="37" width="129" class="align-middle"/></a><div id="navbarSupportedContent" class="collapse navbar-collapse flex-grow-0"><div class="site-header__sheet-bg" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"/><div class="site-header__sheet"><ul class="navbar-nav"><div class="site-sidebar site-sidebar--header d-md-none"><ul class="nav flex-column"><li class="nav-header">Get started</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/install">Set up Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-3">Learn Flutter</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/learn-flutter">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/codelab">Write your first app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-3-3" href="#header-sidenav-3-3" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="header-sidenav-3-3">Learn the fundamentals</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse show" id="header-sidenav-3-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals/dart">Intro to Dart</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals/widgets">Widgets</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals/layout">Layouts</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals/state-management">State management</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals/user-input">Handling user input</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals/networking">Networking and data</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals/local-caching">Local data and caching</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/bootstrap-into-dart">Dart language</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-3-5" href="#header-sidenav-3-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-3-5">Codelabs &amp; samples</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-3-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/codelabs">Codelabs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook">Cookbook</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://flutter.github.io/samples/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Samples and demos</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-3-6" href="/get-started/flutter-for" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-3-6">From another platform?</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-3-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/android-devs">Flutter for Android devs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/swiftui-devs">Flutter for SwiftUI devs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/uikit-devs">Flutter for UIKit devs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/react-native-devs">Flutter for React Native devs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/web-devs">Flutter for web devs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/xamarin-forms-devs">Flutter for Xamarin.Forms devs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/declarative">Introduction to declarative UI</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/dart-swift-concurrency">Flutter versus Swift concurrency</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-4">Stay up to date</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/upgrade">Upgrade</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/archive">SDK archive</a></li><div class="dropdown-divider"/><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/whats-new">What's new</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/release-notes">Release notes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/breaking-changes">Breaking changes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/compatibility-policy">Compatibility policy</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5">App solutions</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-1" href="#header-sidenav-5-1" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-1">AI</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/ai-overview">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/get-started/dart" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Get started with the Gemini API</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/google_generative_ai" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google AI Dart SDK (pub.dev)</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AuzJEiHjO4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Build with Google AI Dart SDK (video)</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-2" href="#header-sidenav-5-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-2">Firebase &amp; Firestore</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/firebase">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Discover Firebase for Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSkeTaBonA" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Get to know Firebase for Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/firebase-auth-in-flutter-apps" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add a user authentication flow to a Flutter app using FirebaseUI</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/firebase-get-to-know-web" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Get to know Firebase for web</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-3" href="#header-sidenav-5-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-3">Games</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/games-toolkit">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/games/achievements-leaderboard">Add achievements and leaderboards</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/build-leaderboards-with-firestore#0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Build leaderboards with Firestore</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/google-mobile-ads">Add advertising</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/games/firestore-multiplayer">Add multiplayer support</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-in-app-purchases" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add in-app purchases</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/firebase-auth-in-flutter-apps" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add user authentication</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/get-started?platform=flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Debug using Crashlytics</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-flame-brick-breaker" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Intro to Flame with Flutter</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-4" href="#header-sidenav-5-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-4">Monetization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-4-1" href="#header-sidenav-5-4-1" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-4-1">Advertising</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-4-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/ads-overview">Ads overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/google-mobile-ads">Add advertising</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/admob-ads-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add AdMob ads to your Flutter app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/admob-inline-ads-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add an AdMob banner and native inline ads</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://developers.google.com/admob/flutter/mediation" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google AdMob mediation</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/interactive_media_ads" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Interactive Media Ads SDK</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-4-2" href="#header-sidenav-5-4-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-4-2">In-app purchases</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-4-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/in-app-purchases-overview">In-app purchases overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-in-app-purchases" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add in-app purchases</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-4-3" href="#header-sidenav-5-4-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-4-3">Payments</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-4-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/payments-overview">Payments overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/pay" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google pay package</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-5" href="#header-sidenav-5-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-5">Maps</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://developers.google.com/maps/flutter-package" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add maps to your app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/google-maps-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add Google maps to a Flutter app</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-6" href="#header-sidenav-5-6" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-6">News</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/news-toolkit">Build a news app</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidebar-primary-divider"/></li><li class="nav-header">User interface</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/widgets">Widget catalog</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-10" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-10">Layout</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-10"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/tutorial">Build a layout</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-10-3" href="/ui/layout/lists" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-10-3">Lists &amp; grids</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-10-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/basic-list">Create and use lists</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/horizontal-list">Create a horizontal list</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/grid-lists">Create a grid view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/mixed-list">Create lists with different types of items</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/spaced-items">Create lists with spaced items</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/long-lists">Work with long lists</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-10-4" href="/ui/layout/scrolling" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-10-4">Scrolling</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-10-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/scrolling">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/scrolling/slivers">Use slivers to achieve fancy scrolling</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/floating-app-bar">Place a floating app bar above a list</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/parallax-scrolling">Create a scrolling parallax effect</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-11" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-11">Adaptive &amp; responsive design</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-11"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/general">General approach</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/safearea-mediaquery">SafeArea &amp; MediaQuery</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/large-screens">Large screens &amp; foldables</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/input">User input &amp; accessibility</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/capabilities">Capabilities &amp; policies</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/best-practices">Best practices</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/more-info">Additional resources</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-12" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-12">Design &amp; theming</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-12"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/themes">Share styles with themes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/material">Material design</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/breaking-changes/material-3-migration">Migrate to Material 3</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-12-4" href="/ui/design/text" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-12-4">Text</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-12-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/text/typography">Fonts &amp; typography</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/fonts">Use a custom font</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/package-fonts">Export fonts from a package</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/google_fonts" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Fonts package</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-12-5" href="/ui/design/graphics" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-12-5">Custom graphics</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-12-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/graphics/fragment-shaders">Use custom fragment shaders</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-13" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-13">Interactivity</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-13"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity">Add interactivity to your app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-13-2" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-13-2">Gestures</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-13-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/handling-taps">Handle taps</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures/drag-outside">Drag an object outside an app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/drag-a-widget">Drag a UI element within an app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/ripples">Add Material touch ripples</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/dismissible">Implement swipe to dismiss</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-13-3" href="/ui/interactivity/input" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-13-3">Input &amp; forms</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-13-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/text-input">Create and style a text field</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/retrieve-input">Retrieve the value of a text field</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/text-field-changes">Handle changes to a text field</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/focus">Manage focus in text fields</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/validation">Build a form with validation</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/snackbars">Display a snackbar</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/actions-and-shortcuts">Implement actions &amp; shortcuts</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/focus">Manage keyboard focus</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-14" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-14">Assets &amp; media</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-14"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/assets/assets-and-images">Add assets and images</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/images/network-image">Display images from the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/images/fading-in-images">Fade in images with a placeholder</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/play-video">Play and pause a video</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/assets/asset-transformation">Transforming assets at build time</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-15" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-15">Navigation &amp; routing</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-15"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/tabs">Add tabs to your app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/navigation-basics">Navigate to a new screen and back</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/passing-data">Send data to a new screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/returning-data">Return data from a screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/drawer">Add a drawer to a screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation/deep-linking">Set up deep linking</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/set-up-app-links">Set up app links for Android</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/set-up-universal-links">Set up universal links for iOS</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation/url-strategies">Configure web URL strategies</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-16" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-16">Animations &amp; transitions</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-16"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/tutorial">Tutorial</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/implicit-animations">Implicit animations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/animated-container">Animate the properties of a container</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/opacity-animation">Fade a widget in and out</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/hero-animations">Hero animations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/page-route-animation">Animate a page route transition</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/physics-simulation">Animate using a physic simulation</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/staggered-animations">Staggered animations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/staggered-menu-animation">Create a staggered menu animation</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/overview">API overview</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-17" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-17">Accessibility &amp; internationalization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-17"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/accessibility-and-internationalization/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/accessibility-and-internationalization/internationalization">Internationalization</a></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidebar-primary-divider"/></li><li class="nav-header">Beyond UI</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-20" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-20">Data &amp; backend</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-20"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-20-1" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-20-1">State management</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-20-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/intro">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/declarative">Think declaratively</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/ephemeral-vs-app">Ephemeral vs app state</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/simple">Simple app state management</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/options">Options</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-20-2" href="/data-and-backend/networking" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-20-2">Networking &amp; http</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-20-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/networking">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/fetch-data">Fetch data from the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/authenticated-requests">Make authenticated requests</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/send-data">Send data to the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/update-data">Update data over the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/delete-data">Delete data on the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/web-sockets">Communicate with WebSockets</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-20-3" href="/data-and-backend/serialization" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-20-3">Serialization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-20-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/serialization/json">JSON serialization</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/background-parsing">Parse JSON in the background</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-20-4" href="/data-and-backend/persistence" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-20-4">Persistence</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-20-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/key-value">Store key-value data on disk</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/reading-writing-files">Read and write files</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/sqlite">Persist data with SQLite</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-20-5" href="/data-and-backend/firebase" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-20-5">Firebase</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-20-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/firebase">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/flutter/setup?platform=ios" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add Firebase to your Flutter app</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/google-apis">Google APIs</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-21" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-21">Platform integration</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-21"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/reference/supported-platforms">Supported platforms</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/desktop">Build desktop apps with Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/platform-channels">Write platform-specific code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/platform-adaptations">Automatic platform adaptations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-21-5" href="/platform-integration/android" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-21-5">Android</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-21-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/install-android">Add Android as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/splash-screen">Add a splash screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/predictive-back">Add predictive back</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/c-interop">Bind to native code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/platform-views">Host a native Android view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/restore-state-android">Restore state on Android</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/chromeos">Target ChromeOS with Android</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-21-6" href="/platform-integration/ios" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-21-6">iOS</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-21-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-latest">Flutter on iOS</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/install-ios">Add iOS as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/apple-frameworks">Leverage Apple's system libraries</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/launch-screen">Add a launch screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-app-clip">Add iOS App Clip support</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/app-extensions">Add iOS app extensions</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/c-interop">Bind to native code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/platform-views">Host a native iOS view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-debugging">Enable debugging on iOS</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/restore-state-ios">Restore state on iOS</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-21-7" href="/platform-integration/linux" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-21-7">Linux</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-21-7"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/linux/install-linux">Add Linux as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/linux/building">Build a Linux app</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-21-8" href="/platform-integration/macos" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-21-8">macOS</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-21-8"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/install-macos">Add macOS as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/building">Build a macOS app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/c-interop">Bind to native code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/platform-views">Host a native macOS view</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-21-9" href="/platform-integration/web" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-21-9">Web</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-21-9"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/install-web">Add web as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/building">Build a web app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/wasm">WebAssembly</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/initialization">Customize app initialization</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/embedding-flutter-web">Add Flutter to any web app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/web-content-in-flutter">Web content in Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/renderers">Web renderers</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/web-images">Display images on the web</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/faq">Web FAQ</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-21-10" href="/platform-integration/windows" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-21-10">Windows</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-21-10"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/windows/install-windows">Add Windows as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/windows/building">Build a Windows app</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-22" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-22">Packages &amp; plugins</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-22"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/using-packages">Use packages &amp; plugins</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/developing-packages">Develop packages &amp; plugins</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-22-3" href="/packages-and-plugins/swift-package-manager" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-22-3">Swift Package Manager</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-22-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/swift-package-manager/for-app-developers">For app developers</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/swift-package-manager/for-plugin-authors">For plugin authors</a></li></ul></li><div class="dropdown-divider"/><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/favorites">Flutter Favorites</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Package repository</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-23" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-23">Testing &amp; debugging</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-23"><li class="nav-header">Testing</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/overview">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-23-3" href="#header-sidenav-23-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-23-3">Unit testing</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-23-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/unit/introduction">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/unit/mocking">Mock dependencies</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-23-4" href="#header-sidenav-23-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-23-4">Widget testing</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-23-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/introduction">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/finders">Find widgets</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/scrolling">Simulate scrolling</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/tap-drag">Simulate user interaction</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-23-5" href="#header-sidenav-23-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-23-5">Integration testing</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-23-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/integration/introduction">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/integration-tests">Write and run an integration test</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/integration/profiling">Profile an integration test</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/testing-plugins">Test a plugin</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/plugins-in-tests">Handle plugin code in tests</a></li><li class="nav-header">Debugging</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/debugging">Debugging tools</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/code-debugging">Debug your app programmatically</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/native-debugging">Use a native language debugger</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/build-modes">Flutter's build modes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/common-errors">Common Flutter errors</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/errors">Handle errors</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/maintenance/error-reporting">Report errors to a service</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-24" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-24">Performance &amp; optimization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-24"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/impeller">Impeller</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/best-practices">Performance best practices</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/app-size">App size</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/deferred-components">Deferred components</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/rendering-performance">Rendering performance</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/ui-performance">Performance profiling</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/web-performance">Performance profiling for web</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/shader">Shader compilation jank</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/metrics">Performance metrics</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/isolates">Concurrency and isolates</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/faq">Performance FAQ</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/appendix">Appendix</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-25" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-25">Deployment</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-25"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/obfuscate">Obfuscate Dart code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/flavors">Create flavors of an app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/android">Build and release an Android app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/ios">Build and release an iOS app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/macos">Build and release a macOS app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/linux">Build and release a Linux app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/windows">Build and release a Windows app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/web">Build and release a web app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/cd">Set up continuous deployment</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-26" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-26">Add to an existing app</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-26"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-26-2" href="/add-to-app/android" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-26-2">Add to an Android app</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-26-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/project-setup">Set up Android project</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-screen">Add a single Flutter screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-fragment">Add a Flutter Fragment</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-view">Add a Flutter View</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/plugin-setup">Use a Flutter plugin</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-26-3" href="/add-to-app/ios" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-26-3">Add to an iOS app</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-26-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/ios/project-setup">Set up iOS project</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/ios/add-flutter-screen">Add a single Flutter screen</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/embedding-flutter-web">Add to a web app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/debugging">Debug embedded Flutter module</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/multiple-flutters">Add multiple Flutter instances</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/performance">Loading sequence and performance</a></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidebar-primary-divider"/></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-28" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-28">Tools &amp; editors</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-28"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/android-studio">Android Studio &amp; IntelliJ</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/vs-code">Visual Studio Code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-28-3" href="/tools/devtools" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-28-3">DevTools</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-28-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/android-studio">Run from Android Studio &amp; IntelliJ</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/vscode">Run from VS Code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/cli">Run from command line</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/inspector">Flutter inspector</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/performance">Performance view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/cpu-profiler">CPU Profiler view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/memory">Memory view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/console">Debug console view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/network">Network view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/debugger">Debugger</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/logging">Logging view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/app-size">App size tool</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/extensions">DevTools extensions</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/deep-links">Validate deep links</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/release-notes">Release notes</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/sdk">SDK overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pubspec">Flutter's pubspec options</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/flutter-fix">Automated fixes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/formatting">Code formatting</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-29" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-29">Flutter concepts</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-29"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/architectural-overview">Architectural overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/inside-flutter">Inside Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/constraints">Understanding constraints</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/build-modes">Flutter's build modes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/hot-reload">Hot reload</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-30" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-30">Resources</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-30"><li class="nav-header">Learning</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/faq">FAQ</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/books">Books</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/videos">Videos</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/courses">Courses</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/bootstrap-into-dart">Learn Dart</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/support">Get support</a></li><li class="nav-header">Contributing</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/bug-reports">Create useful bug reports</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contribute to Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/design-docs">Design documents</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-31" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="header-sidenav-31">Reference</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse show" id="header-sidenav-31"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/dash">Who is Dash?</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/reference/widgets">Widget index</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://api.flutter.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener">API reference</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/reference/flutter-cli">flutter CLI reference</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><li class="nav-item dropdown"><a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="platform-navbar-dropdown" href="https://flutter.dev/multi-platform" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Multi-Platform</a><div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="platform-navbar-dropdown"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://flutter.dev/multi-platform/mobile">Mobile</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://flutter.dev/multi-platform/web">Web</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://flutter.dev/multi-platform/desktop">Desktop</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://flutter.dev/multi-platform/embedded">Embedded</a></div></li><li class="nav-item dropdown"><a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="dev-navbar-dropdown" href="https://flutter.dev/" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Development</a><div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dev-navbar-dropdown"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://flutter.dev/learn">Learn</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://pub.dev/flutter/favorites" target="_blank">Flutter Favorites</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://pub.dev/" target="_blank">Packages</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://flutter.dev/monetization">Monetization</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://flutter.dev/games">Games</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://flutter.dev/news">News</a></div></li><li class="nav-item dropdown"><a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="ecosystem-navbar-dropdown" href="https://flutter.dev/ecosystem" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Ecosystem</a><div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="ecosystem-navbar-dropdown"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://flutter.dev/community">Community</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://flutter.dev/events">Events</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://flutter.dev/culture">Culture</a></div></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://flutter.dev/showcase">Showcase</a></li><li class="nav-item dropdown docs-item"><a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="docs-navbar-dropdown" href="/" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Docs</a><div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="docs-navbar-dropdown"><a class="dropdown-item" href="/release/whats-new">What's new</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/get-started/editor">Editor support</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/tools/hot-reload">Hot reload</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/perf/ui-performance">Profiling</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/get-started/install">Install Flutter</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/tools/devtools">DevTools</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/cookbook">Cookbook</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/codelabs">Codelabs</a></div></li></ul><form action="/search/" class="site-header__search form-inline"><input class="site-header__searchfield form-control search-field" type="search" name="q" id="q" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search"/></form></div></div><div class="site-header__social navbar-nav flex-row"><a class="nav-item nav-link nav-icon" href="https://twitter.com/FlutterDev" aria-label="Open Flutter's X (Twitter) in a new tab" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><svg><use href="/assets/images/social/x.svg#x"/></svg> </a><a class="nav-item nav-link nav-icon" href="https://www.youtube.com/@flutterdev" aria-label="Open Flutter's YouTube in a new tab" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><svg><use href="/assets/images/social/youtube.svg#youtube"/></svg> </a><a class="nav-item nav-link nav-icon" href="https://medium.com/flutter" aria-label="Open Flutter's Medium blog in a new tab" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><svg><use href="/assets/images/social/medium.svg#medium"/></svg> </a><a class="nav-item nav-link nav-icon" href="https://github.com/flutter" aria-label="Open Flutter's GitHub in a new tab" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><svg><use href="/assets/images/social/github.svg#github"/></svg></a></div><a class="site-header__cta btn btn-primary" href="/get-started/install/">Get started</a></nav></header><div class="site-banner site-banner--default" role="alert"><a href="https://medium.com/flutter/flutter-3-24-dart-3-5-204b7d20c45d">Flutter 3.24 and Dart 3.5</a> are here! Check out <a href="/release/whats-new">what's new</a> on the website.</div><div class="container-fluid position-relative"><div class="row flex-xl-nowrap"><div class="fixed-col site-sidebar site-sidebar--fixed col-12 col-md-3 col-xl-2 d-none d-md-block" data-fixed-column=""><ul class="nav flex-column"><li class="nav-header">Get started</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/install">Set up Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-3">Learn Flutter</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/learn-flutter">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/codelab">Write your first app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-3-3" href="#fixed-sidenav-3-3" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-3-3">Learn the fundamentals</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse show" id="fixed-sidenav-3-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals/dart">Intro to Dart</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals/widgets">Widgets</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals/layout">Layouts</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals/state-management">State management</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals/user-input">Handling user input</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals/networking">Networking and data</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/fundamentals/local-caching">Local data and caching</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/bootstrap-into-dart">Dart language</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-3-5" href="#fixed-sidenav-3-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-3-5">Codelabs &amp; samples</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-3-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/codelabs">Codelabs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook">Cookbook</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://flutter.github.io/samples/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Samples and demos</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-3-6" href="/get-started/flutter-for" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-3-6">From another platform?</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-3-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/android-devs">Flutter for Android devs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/swiftui-devs">Flutter for SwiftUI devs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/uikit-devs">Flutter for UIKit devs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/react-native-devs">Flutter for React Native devs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/web-devs">Flutter for web devs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/xamarin-forms-devs">Flutter for Xamarin.Forms devs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/declarative">Introduction to declarative UI</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/get-started/flutter-for/dart-swift-concurrency">Flutter versus Swift concurrency</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-4">Stay up to date</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/upgrade">Upgrade</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/archive">SDK archive</a></li><div class="dropdown-divider"/><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/whats-new">What's new</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/release-notes">Release notes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/breaking-changes">Breaking changes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/compatibility-policy">Compatibility policy</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5">App solutions</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-1" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-1" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-1">AI</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/ai-overview">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/get-started/dart" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Get started with the Gemini API</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/google_generative_ai" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google AI Dart SDK (pub.dev)</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AuzJEiHjO4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Build with Google AI Dart SDK (video)</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-2" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-2">Firebase &amp; Firestore</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/firebase">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Discover Firebase for Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSkeTaBonA" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Get to know Firebase for Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/firebase-auth-in-flutter-apps" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add a user authentication flow to a Flutter app using FirebaseUI</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/firebase-get-to-know-web" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Get to know Firebase for web</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-3" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-3">Games</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/games-toolkit">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/games/achievements-leaderboard">Add achievements and leaderboards</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/build-leaderboards-with-firestore#0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Build leaderboards with Firestore</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/google-mobile-ads">Add advertising</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/games/firestore-multiplayer">Add multiplayer support</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-in-app-purchases" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add in-app purchases</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/firebase-auth-in-flutter-apps" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add user authentication</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/get-started?platform=flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Debug using Crashlytics</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-flame-brick-breaker" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Intro to Flame with Flutter</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-4" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-4">Monetization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-4-1" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-4-1" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-4-1">Advertising</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-4-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/ads-overview">Ads overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/google-mobile-ads">Add advertising</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/admob-ads-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add AdMob ads to your Flutter app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/admob-inline-ads-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add an AdMob banner and native inline ads</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://developers.google.com/admob/flutter/mediation" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google AdMob mediation</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/interactive_media_ads" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Interactive Media Ads SDK</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-4-2" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-4-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-4-2">In-app purchases</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-4-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/in-app-purchases-overview">In-app purchases overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-in-app-purchases" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add in-app purchases</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-4-3" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-4-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-4-3">Payments</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-4-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/payments-overview">Payments overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/pay" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google pay package</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-5" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-5">Maps</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://developers.google.com/maps/flutter-package" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add maps to your app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/google-maps-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add Google maps to a Flutter app</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-6" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-6" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-6">News</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/news-toolkit">Build a news app</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidebar-primary-divider"/></li><li class="nav-header">User interface</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/widgets">Widget catalog</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-10" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-10">Layout</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-10"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/tutorial">Build a layout</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-10-3" href="/ui/layout/lists" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-10-3">Lists &amp; grids</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-10-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/basic-list">Create and use lists</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/horizontal-list">Create a horizontal list</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/grid-lists">Create a grid view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/mixed-list">Create lists with different types of items</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/spaced-items">Create lists with spaced items</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/long-lists">Work with long lists</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-10-4" href="/ui/layout/scrolling" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-10-4">Scrolling</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-10-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/scrolling">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/scrolling/slivers">Use slivers to achieve fancy scrolling</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/floating-app-bar">Place a floating app bar above a list</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/parallax-scrolling">Create a scrolling parallax effect</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-11" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-11">Adaptive &amp; responsive design</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-11"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/general">General approach</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/safearea-mediaquery">SafeArea &amp; MediaQuery</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/large-screens">Large screens &amp; foldables</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/input">User input &amp; accessibility</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/capabilities">Capabilities &amp; policies</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/best-practices">Best practices</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/more-info">Additional resources</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-12" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-12">Design &amp; theming</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-12"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/themes">Share styles with themes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/material">Material design</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/breaking-changes/material-3-migration">Migrate to Material 3</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-12-4" href="/ui/design/text" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-12-4">Text</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-12-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/text/typography">Fonts &amp; typography</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/fonts">Use a custom font</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/package-fonts">Export fonts from a package</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/google_fonts" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Fonts package</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-12-5" href="/ui/design/graphics" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-12-5">Custom graphics</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-12-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/graphics/fragment-shaders">Use custom fragment shaders</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-13" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-13">Interactivity</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-13"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity">Add interactivity to your app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-13-2" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-13-2">Gestures</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-13-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/handling-taps">Handle taps</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures/drag-outside">Drag an object outside an app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/drag-a-widget">Drag a UI element within an app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/ripples">Add Material touch ripples</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/dismissible">Implement swipe to dismiss</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-13-3" href="/ui/interactivity/input" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-13-3">Input &amp; forms</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-13-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/text-input">Create and style a text field</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/retrieve-input">Retrieve the value of a text field</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/text-field-changes">Handle changes to a text field</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/focus">Manage focus in text fields</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/validation">Build a form with validation</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/snackbars">Display a snackbar</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/actions-and-shortcuts">Implement actions &amp; shortcuts</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/focus">Manage keyboard focus</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-14" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-14">Assets &amp; media</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-14"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/assets/assets-and-images">Add assets and images</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/images/network-image">Display images from the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/images/fading-in-images">Fade in images with a placeholder</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/play-video">Play and pause a video</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/assets/asset-transformation">Transforming assets at build time</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-15" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-15">Navigation &amp; routing</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-15"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/tabs">Add tabs to your app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/navigation-basics">Navigate to a new screen and back</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/passing-data">Send data to a new screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/returning-data">Return data from a screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/drawer">Add a drawer to a screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation/deep-linking">Set up deep linking</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/set-up-app-links">Set up app links for Android</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/set-up-universal-links">Set up universal links for iOS</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation/url-strategies">Configure web URL strategies</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-16" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-16">Animations &amp; transitions</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-16"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/tutorial">Tutorial</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/implicit-animations">Implicit animations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/animated-container">Animate the properties of a container</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/opacity-animation">Fade a widget in and out</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/hero-animations">Hero animations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/page-route-animation">Animate a page route transition</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/physics-simulation">Animate using a physic simulation</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/staggered-animations">Staggered animations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/staggered-menu-animation">Create a staggered menu animation</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/overview">API overview</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-17" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-17">Accessibility &amp; internationalization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-17"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/accessibility-and-internationalization/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/accessibility-and-internationalization/internationalization">Internationalization</a></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidebar-primary-divider"/></li><li class="nav-header">Beyond UI</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-20" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-20">Data &amp; backend</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-20"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-20-1" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-20-1">State management</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-20-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/intro">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/declarative">Think declaratively</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/ephemeral-vs-app">Ephemeral vs app state</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/simple">Simple app state management</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/options">Options</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-20-2" href="/data-and-backend/networking" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-20-2">Networking &amp; http</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-20-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/networking">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/fetch-data">Fetch data from the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/authenticated-requests">Make authenticated requests</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/send-data">Send data to the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/update-data">Update data over the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/delete-data">Delete data on the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/web-sockets">Communicate with WebSockets</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-20-3" href="/data-and-backend/serialization" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-20-3">Serialization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-20-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/serialization/json">JSON serialization</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/background-parsing">Parse JSON in the background</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-20-4" href="/data-and-backend/persistence" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-20-4">Persistence</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-20-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/key-value">Store key-value data on disk</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/reading-writing-files">Read and write files</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/sqlite">Persist data with SQLite</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-20-5" href="/data-and-backend/firebase" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-20-5">Firebase</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-20-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/firebase">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/flutter/setup?platform=ios" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add Firebase to your Flutter app</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/google-apis">Google APIs</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-21" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-21">Platform integration</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-21"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/reference/supported-platforms">Supported platforms</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/desktop">Build desktop apps with Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/platform-channels">Write platform-specific code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/platform-adaptations">Automatic platform adaptations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-21-5" href="/platform-integration/android" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-21-5">Android</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-21-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/install-android">Add Android as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/splash-screen">Add a splash screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/predictive-back">Add predictive back</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/c-interop">Bind to native code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/platform-views">Host a native Android view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/restore-state-android">Restore state on Android</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/chromeos">Target ChromeOS with Android</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-21-6" href="/platform-integration/ios" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-21-6">iOS</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-21-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-latest">Flutter on iOS</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/install-ios">Add iOS as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/apple-frameworks">Leverage Apple's system libraries</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/launch-screen">Add a launch screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-app-clip">Add iOS App Clip support</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/app-extensions">Add iOS app extensions</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/c-interop">Bind to native code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/platform-views">Host a native iOS view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-debugging">Enable debugging on iOS</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/restore-state-ios">Restore state on iOS</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-21-7" href="/platform-integration/linux" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-21-7">Linux</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-21-7"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/linux/install-linux">Add Linux as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/linux/building">Build a Linux app</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-21-8" href="/platform-integration/macos" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-21-8">macOS</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-21-8"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/install-macos">Add macOS as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/building">Build a macOS app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/c-interop">Bind to native code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/platform-views">Host a native macOS view</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-21-9" href="/platform-integration/web" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-21-9">Web</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-21-9"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/install-web">Add web as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/building">Build a web app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/wasm">WebAssembly</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/initialization">Customize app initialization</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/embedding-flutter-web">Add Flutter to any web app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/web-content-in-flutter">Web content in Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/renderers">Web renderers</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/web-images">Display images on the web</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/faq">Web FAQ</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-21-10" href="/platform-integration/windows" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-21-10">Windows</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-21-10"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/windows/install-windows">Add Windows as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/windows/building">Build a Windows app</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-22" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-22">Packages &amp; plugins</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-22"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/using-packages">Use packages &amp; plugins</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/developing-packages">Develop packages &amp; plugins</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-22-3" href="/packages-and-plugins/swift-package-manager" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-22-3">Swift Package Manager</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-22-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/swift-package-manager/for-app-developers">For app developers</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/swift-package-manager/for-plugin-authors">For plugin authors</a></li></ul></li><div class="dropdown-divider"/><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/favorites">Flutter Favorites</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Package repository</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-23" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-23">Testing &amp; debugging</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-23"><li class="nav-header">Testing</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/overview">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-23-3" href="#fixed-sidenav-23-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-23-3">Unit testing</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-23-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/unit/introduction">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/unit/mocking">Mock dependencies</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-23-4" href="#fixed-sidenav-23-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-23-4">Widget testing</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-23-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/introduction">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/finders">Find widgets</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/scrolling">Simulate scrolling</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/tap-drag">Simulate user interaction</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-23-5" href="#fixed-sidenav-23-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-23-5">Integration testing</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-23-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/integration/introduction">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/integration-tests">Write and run an integration test</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/integration/profiling">Profile an integration test</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/testing-plugins">Test a plugin</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/plugins-in-tests">Handle plugin code in tests</a></li><li class="nav-header">Debugging</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/debugging">Debugging tools</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/code-debugging">Debug your app programmatically</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/native-debugging">Use a native language debugger</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/build-modes">Flutter's build modes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/common-errors">Common Flutter errors</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/errors">Handle errors</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/maintenance/error-reporting">Report errors to a service</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-24" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-24">Performance &amp; optimization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-24"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/impeller">Impeller</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/best-practices">Performance best practices</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/app-size">App size</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/deferred-components">Deferred components</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/rendering-performance">Rendering performance</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/ui-performance">Performance profiling</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/web-performance">Performance profiling for web</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/shader">Shader compilation jank</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/metrics">Performance metrics</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/isolates">Concurrency and isolates</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/faq">Performance FAQ</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/perf/appendix">Appendix</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-25" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-25">Deployment</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-25"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/obfuscate">Obfuscate Dart code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/flavors">Create flavors of an app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/android">Build and release an Android app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/ios">Build and release an iOS app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/macos">Build and release a macOS app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/linux">Build and release a Linux app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/windows">Build and release a Windows app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/web">Build and release a web app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/cd">Set up continuous deployment</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-26" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-26">Add to an existing app</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-26"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-26-2" href="/add-to-app/android" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-26-2">Add to an Android app</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-26-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/project-setup">Set up Android project</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-screen">Add a single Flutter screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-fragment">Add a Flutter Fragment</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-view">Add a Flutter View</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/android/plugin-setup">Use a Flutter plugin</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-26-3" href="/add-to-app/ios" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-26-3">Add to an iOS app</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-26-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/ios/project-setup">Set up iOS project</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/ios/add-flutter-screen">Add a single Flutter screen</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/embedding-flutter-web">Add to a web app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/debugging">Debug embedded Flutter module</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/multiple-flutters">Add multiple Flutter instances</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/add-to-app/performance">Loading sequence and performance</a></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidebar-primary-divider"/></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-28" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-28">Tools &amp; editors</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-28"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/android-studio">Android Studio &amp; IntelliJ</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/vs-code">Visual Studio Code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-28-3" href="/tools/devtools" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-28-3">DevTools</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-28-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/android-studio">Run from Android Studio &amp; IntelliJ</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/vscode">Run from VS Code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/cli">Run from command line</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/inspector">Flutter inspector</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/performance">Performance view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/cpu-profiler">CPU Profiler view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/memory">Memory view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/console">Debug console view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/network">Network view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/debugger">Debugger</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/logging">Logging view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/app-size">App size tool</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/extensions">DevTools extensions</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/deep-links">Validate deep links</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/devtools/release-notes">Release notes</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/sdk">SDK overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/pubspec">Flutter's pubspec options</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/flutter-fix">Automated fixes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/formatting">Code formatting</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-29" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-29">Flutter concepts</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-29"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/architectural-overview">Architectural overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/inside-flutter">Inside Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/constraints">Understanding constraints</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/build-modes">Flutter's build modes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/tools/hot-reload">Hot reload</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-30" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-30">Resources</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-30"><li class="nav-header">Learning</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/faq">FAQ</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/books">Books</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/videos">Videos</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/courses">Courses</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/bootstrap-into-dart">Learn Dart</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/support">Get support</a></li><li class="nav-header">Contributing</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/bug-reports">Create useful bug reports</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contribute to Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/design-docs">Design documents</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-31" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-31">Reference</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse show" id="fixed-sidenav-31"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/dash">Who is Dash?</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/reference/widgets">Widget index</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://api.flutter.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener">API reference</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/reference/flutter-cli">flutter CLI reference</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><main class="site-content col-12 col-md-9 offset-md-3 col-xl-8 offset-xl-2 col-xxl-8 offset-xxl-2"><div id="site-toc--side" class="site-toc fixed-col col-xl-2 order-3" data-fixed-column=""><header class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h2"><a class="nav-link" href="#summary">Summary</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h2"><a class="nav-link" href="#migrate">Migrate</a><ul class="nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#androidsettings-gradle">android/settings.gradle</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#androidbuild-gradle">android/build.gradle</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#androidappbuild-gradle">android/app/build.gradle</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#validation">Validation</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h2"><a class="nav-link" href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#google-mobile-services-and-crashlytics">Google Mobile Services and Crashlytics</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h2"><a class="nav-link" href="#timeline">Timeline</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h2"><a class="nav-link" href="#references">References</a></li></ul></div><div class="container"><header class="site-content__title" id="site-content-title"><h1>Deprecated imperative apply of Flutter's Gradle plugins</h1><nav class="breadcrumbs" aria-label="breadcrumb"><ol class="breadcrumb-list" vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumb-item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/release" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Stay up to date</span></a><meta property="position" content="0"/><span class="material-symbols-outlined child-icon" aria-hidden="true">chevron_right</span></li><li class="breadcrumb-item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/release/breaking-changes" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Breaking changes</span></a><meta property="position" content="1"/><span class="material-symbols-outlined child-icon" aria-hidden="true">chevron_right</span></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem" aria-current="page"><a href="/release/breaking-changes/flutter-gradle-plugin-apply" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Deprecated imperative apply of Flutter's Gradle plugins</span></a><meta property="position" content="2"/></li></ol></nav></header><div id="site-toc--inline" class="site-toc"><header class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#summary">Summary</a></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#migrate">Migrate</a><ul><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#androidsettings-gradle">android/settings.gradle</a></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#androidbuild-gradle">android/build.gradle</a></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#androidappbuild-gradle">android/app/build.gradle</a></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#validation">Validation</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#google-mobile-services-and-crashlytics">Google Mobile Services and Crashlytics</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#timeline">Timeline</a></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#references">References</a></li></ul></div><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="summary">Summary</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#summary" aria-label="Link to 'Summary' section">#</a></div><p>To build a Flutter app for Android, Flutter's Gradle plugins must be applied. Historically, this was done imperatively with Gradle's <a href="https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/plugins.html#sec:script_plugins">legacy, imperative apply script method</a>.</p><p>In Flutter 3.16, support was added for applying these plugins with Gradle's <a href="https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/plugins.html#sec:plugins_block">declarative plugins {} block</a> (also called the Plugin DSL) and it is now the recommended approach. Since Flutter 3.16, projects generated with <code>flutter create</code> use the Plugin DSL to apply Gradle plugins. Projects created with versions of Flutter prior to 3.16 need to be migrated manually.</p><p>Applying Gradle plugins using the <code>plugins {}</code> block executes the same code as before and should produce equivalent app binaries.</p><p>To learn about advantages the new Plugin DSL syntax has over the legacy <code>apply</code> script syntax, see <a href="https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/plugins.html#plugins_dsl_limitations">Gradle docs</a>.</p><p>Migrating the app ecosystem to use the new approach will also make it easier for Flutter team to develop Flutter's Gradle plugins, and to enable exciting new features in the future, such as using Kotlin instead of Groovy in Gradle buildscripts.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="migrate">Migrate</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#migrate" aria-label="Link to 'Migrate' section">#</a></div><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="androidsettings-gradle">android/settings.gradle</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#androidsettings-gradle" aria-label="Link to 'android/settings.gradle' section">#</a></div><p>First, find the values of the Android Gradle Plugin (AGP) and Kotlin that the project currently uses. Unless they have been moved, they are likely defined in the buildscript block of the <code>&lt;app-src&gt;/android/build.gradle</code> file. As an example, consider the <code>build.gradle</code> file from a new Flutter app created before this change:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-groovy"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language groovy">groovy</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">buildscript {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> ext.kotlin_version = </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'1.7.10'</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> repositories {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> google()</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> mavenCentral()</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> dependencies {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> classpath </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.3.0'</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> classpath </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:</span><span style="color:#222222">$kotlin_version</span><span style="color:#0C7064">"</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">allprojects {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> repositories {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> google()</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> mavenCentral()</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">rootProject.buildDir = </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'../build'</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">subprojects {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> project.buildDir = </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"</span><span style="color:#222222">${</span><span style="color:#0C7064">rootProject.buildDir</span><span style="color:#222222">}</span><span style="color:#0C7064">/</span><span style="color:#222222">${</span><span style="color:#0C7064">project.name</span><span style="color:#222222">}</span><span style="color:#0C7064">"</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">subprojects {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> project.evaluationDependsOn(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">':app'</span><span style="color:#222222">)</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">tasks.register(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">"clean"</span><span style="color:#222222">, </span><span style="color:#BD2314">Delete</span><span style="color:#222222">) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> delete rootProject.buildDir</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>The AGP version is the number that comes at the end of the line <code>classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.3.0'</code>, so <code>7.3.0</code> in this case. Similarly, the Kotlin version comes at the end of the line <code>ext.kotlin_version = '1.7.10'</code>, in this case <code>1.7.10</code>.</p><p>Next, replace the contents of <code>&lt;app-src&gt;/android/settings.gradle</code> with the below, remembering to replace <code>{agpVersion}</code> and <code>{kotlinVersion}</code> with previously identified values:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-groovy"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language groovy">groovy</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">pluginManagement {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> def</span><span style="color:#222222"> flutterSdkPath = {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> def</span><span style="color:#222222"> properties = </span><span style="color:#BD2314">new</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> Properties</span><span style="color:#222222">()</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> file(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">"local.properties"</span><span style="color:#222222">).withInputStream { properties.load(it) }</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> def</span><span style="color:#222222"> flutterSdkPath = properties.getProperty(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">"flutter.sdk"</span><span style="color:#222222">)</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> assert</span><span style="color:#222222"> flutterSdkPath != </span><span style="color:#0C7064">null</span><span style="color:#222222">, </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"flutter.sdk not set in local.properties"</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#222222"> flutterSdkPath</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> includeBuild(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">"</span><span style="color:#222222">$flutterSdkPath</span><span style="color:#0C7064">/packages/flutter_tools/gradle"</span><span style="color:#222222">)</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> repositories {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> google()</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> mavenCentral()</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> gradlePluginPortal()</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">plugins {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> id </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"dev.flutter.flutter-plugin-loader"</span><span style="color:#222222"> version </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"1.0.0"</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> id </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"com.android.application"</span><span style="color:#222222"> version </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"{agpVersion}"</span><span style="color:#222222"> apply </span><span style="color:#0C7064">false</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> id </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"org.jetbrains.kotlin.android"</span><span style="color:#222222"> version </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"{kotlinVersion}"</span><span style="color:#222222"> apply </span><span style="color:#0C7064">false</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">include </span><span style="color:#0C7064">":app"</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>If you made some changes to this file, make sure they're placed after <code>pluginManagement {}</code> and <code>plugins {}</code> blocks, since Gradle enforces that no other code may be placed before these blocks.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="androidbuild-gradle">android/build.gradle</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#androidbuild-gradle" aria-label="Link to 'android/build.gradle' section">#</a></div><p>Remove the whole <code>buildscript</code> block from <code>&lt;app-src/android/build.gradle</code>:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-groovy"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language groovy">groovy</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222">buildscript {</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222"> ext.kotlin_version = </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'{kotlinVersion}'</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222"> repositories {</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222"> google()</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222"> mavenCentral()</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222"> dependencies {</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222"> classpath </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"org.jetbrains.kotlin:gradle-plugin:</span><span style="color:#222222">$kotlin_version</span><span style="color:#0C7064">"</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>Here's how that file will likely end up:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-groovy"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language groovy">groovy</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">allprojects {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> repositories {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> google()</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> mavenCentral()</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">rootProject.buildDir = </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'../build'</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">subprojects {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> project.buildDir = </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"</span><span style="color:#222222">${</span><span style="color:#0C7064">rootProject.buildDir</span><span style="color:#222222">}</span><span style="color:#0C7064">/</span><span style="color:#222222">${</span><span style="color:#0C7064">project.name</span><span style="color:#222222">}</span><span style="color:#0C7064">"</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">subprojects {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> project.evaluationDependsOn(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">':app'</span><span style="color:#222222">)</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">tasks.register(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">"clean"</span><span style="color:#222222">, </span><span style="color:#BD2314">Delete</span><span style="color:#222222">) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> delete rootProject.buildDir</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="androidappbuild-gradle">android/app/build.gradle</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#androidappbuild-gradle" aria-label="Link to 'android/app/build.gradle' section">#</a></div><p>Most changes have to be made in the <code>&lt;app-src&gt;/android/app/build.gradle</code>. First, remove these 2 chunks of code that use the legacy imperative apply method:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-groovy"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language groovy">groovy</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#BD2314">def</span><span style="color:#222222"> flutterRoot = localProperties.getProperty(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'flutter.sdk'</span><span style="color:#222222">)</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#BD2314">if</span><span style="color:#222222"> (flutterRoot == </span><span style="color:#0C7064">null</span><span style="color:#222222">) {</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> throw</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> new</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> GradleException</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">"Flutter SDK not found. Define location with flutter.sdk in the local.properties file."</span><span style="color:#222222">)</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><div class="code-block-wrapper language-groovy"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language groovy">groovy</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222">apply </span><span style="color:#0C7064">plugin</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'com.android.application'</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222">apply </span><span style="color:#0C7064">plugin</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'com.jetbrains.kotlin.android'</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222">apply </span><span style="color:#0C7064">from</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"</span><span style="color:#222222">$flutterRoot</span><span style="color:#0C7064">/packages/flutter_tools/gradle/flutter.gradle"</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>Now apply the plugins again, but this time using the Plugin DSL syntax. At the very top of your file, add:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-groovy"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language groovy">groovy</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">plugins {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> id </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"com.android.application"</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> id </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"kotlin-android"</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> id </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin"</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>Finally, if your <code>dependencies</code> block contains a dependency on <code>"org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"</code>, then remove that dependency.</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-groovy"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language groovy">groovy</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">dependencies {</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222"> implementation </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:</span><span style="color:#222222">$kotlin_version</span><span style="color:#0C7064">"</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>If it was the only dependency in the <code>dependencies</code> block, then alternatively you may remove the block entirely.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="validation">Validation</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#validation" aria-label="Link to 'Validation' section">#</a></div><p>Execute <code>flutter run</code> to confirm your app builds and launches on a connected Android device or emulator.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="examples">Examples</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#examples" aria-label="Link to 'Examples' section">#</a></div><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="google-mobile-services-and-crashlytics">Google Mobile Services and Crashlytics</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#google-mobile-services-and-crashlytics" aria-label="Link to 'Google Mobile Services and Crashlytics' section">#</a></div><p>If your app was using Google Mobile Services and Crashlytics, remove the following lines from <code>&lt;app-src&gt;/android/build.gradle</code>:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-groovy"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language groovy">groovy</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">buildscript {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // ...</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> dependencies {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> // ...</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222"> classpath </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"com.google.gms:google-services:4.4.0"</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222"> classpath </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"com.google.firebase:firebase-crashlytics-gradle:2.9.9"</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>and remove these 2 lines from <code>&lt;app-src&gt;/android/app/build.gradle</code>:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-groovy"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language groovy">groovy</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222">apply </span><span style="color:#0C7064">plugin</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'com.google.gms.google-services'</span></span> <span class="line removed-line"><span style="color:#222222">apply </span><span style="color:#0C7064">plugin</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'com.google.firebase.crashlytics'</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>To migrate to the new, declarative-apply syntax for the GMS and Crashlytics plugins, add them to <code>plugins</code> block in your app's <code>&lt;app-src&gt;/android/settings.gradle</code> file. The additions should look similar to the following, but with your desired plugin versions, likely matching the ones you removed from the <code>&lt;app-src&gt;/android/build.gradle</code> file.</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-groovy"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language groovy">groovy</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">plugins {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> id </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"dev.flutter.flutter-plugin-loader"</span><span style="color:#222222"> version </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"1.0.0"</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> id </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"com.android.application"</span><span style="color:#222222"> version </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"{agpVersion}"</span><span style="color:#222222"> apply </span><span style="color:#0C7064">false</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> id </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"org.jetbrains.kotlin.android"</span><span style="color:#222222"> version </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"{kotlinVersion}"</span><span style="color:#222222"> apply </span><span style="color:#0C7064">false</span></span> <span class="line added-line"><span style="color:#222222"> id </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"com.google.gms.google-services"</span><span style="color:#222222"> version </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"4.4.0"</span><span style="color:#222222"> apply </span><span style="color:#0C7064">false</span></span> <span class="line added-line"><span style="color:#222222"> id </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"com.google.firebase.crashlytics"</span><span style="color:#222222"> version </span><span style="color:#0C7064">"2.9.9"</span><span style="color:#222222"> apply </span><span style="color:#0C7064">false</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>and the following lines to <code>&lt;app-src&gt;/android/app/build.gradle</code>:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-groovy"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language groovy">groovy</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">plugins {</span></span>