How to Find Broken Links in Selenium : Example

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class="dropdown-link-text"> Super app to find &amp; report issues </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="dropdown-section col-xs-7 dropdown-section__col2"> <li class="section-head"> <span class="section-head__icon-holder"> <svg alt="Test your mobile apps" width="10" height="15" viewbox="0 0 10 15" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="ProductMenuTestMobileAppIconTitle ProductMenuTestMobileAppIconDesc" role="img"><title id="ProductMenuTestMobileAppIconTitle">BrowserStack Test your mobile apps Logo</title><desc id="ProductMenuTestMobileAppIconDesc">An illustration of test your mobile apps logo</desc><g clip-path="url(#clip0_612_21136)"><path d="M1.125 15L7.875 15C8.17328 14.9997 8.45925 14.8811 8.67017 14.6702C8.88108 14.4593 8.9997 14.1733 9 13.875L9 1.5C8.99966 1.20174 8.88102 0.91579 8.67012 0.704886C8.45921 0.493981 8.17326 0.375345 7.875 0.375003L1.125 0.375002C0.826756 0.375404 0.54084 0.494059 0.329949 0.70495C0.119058 0.915841 0.000402667 1.20176 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Don't compromise with emulators and simulators</p> <div class="guide-banner-section__btn-wrapper"> <a href="/users/sign_up?ref=guide-hero-unit-exp1" class="btn-primary btn-lg col-md-3 custom-btn-amp-events" data-btn-eventname="ClickedGetStarted" data-btn-ampjson="{}">Get Started free</a> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <article class="raw-text-habitat clear " id="singlePageArticle"> <div class="container "> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-10 col-lg-10 col-center"> <div class="raw-text-pad-top single-guide-padding-top "> <div class="page-header-2"> <div class="doc-header-breadcrumbs mob-breadcrumbs"> <span><a href="/" title="BrowserStack">Home</a></span> <span><a href="/guide">Guide</a></span> <span class="hide-xs">How to find broken links in Selenium</span> </div> <h1>How to find broken links in Selenium</h1> <p>By Arjun M. Shrivastva &amp; Shreya Bose, Community Contributor <span class="post-separator">-</span> <span class="post-date">February 2, 2023</span></p> <div class="social-share"> <ul class="social-share__list"> <li class="social-share__list-item"><a title="Share on LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.browserstack.com%2Fguide%2Fhow-to-find-broken-links-in-selenium" onclick="window.open(this.href, 'guideshare','left=50,top=50,width=800,height=400,toolbar=0'); return false;" class="social-share__link custom-btn-amp-events" data-btn-eventname="SocialSharingIcon" data-btn-ampjson="{&quot;platform&quot;:&quot;LinkedIn&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;Top&quot;}"><img class="b-lazy b-lazy-hidden social-share__image" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0naHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmcnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzIDInPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-lazy-type="image" data-id="0" data-lazy-src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/themes/browserstack/img/guide/linked-in.svg" width="30" height="30" alt="LinkedIn"/><noscript><img class="b-lazy b-lazy-hidden social-share__image" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0naHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmcnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzIDInPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-lazy-type="image" data-id="0" data-lazy-src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/themes/browserstack/img/guide/linked-in.svg" width="30" height="30" alt="LinkedIn"/><noscript><img class="social-share__image" src="https://browserstack.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/themes/browserstack/img/guide/linked-in.svg" width="30" height="30" alt="LinkedIn"/></noscript></noscript></a></li> <li class="social-share__list-item"><a title="Share on facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.browserstack.com%2Fguide%2Fhow-to-find-broken-links-in-selenium" onclick="window.open(this.href, 'guideshare','left=50,top=50,width=800,height=400,toolbar=0'); 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It is a means to navigate between different web pages on the internet.</p><p>A broken link, also often called a dead link, is one that does not work i.e. does not redirect to the webpage it is meant to. This usually occurs because the website or particular web page is down or does not exist. When someone clicks on a broken link, an error message is displayed.</p><p>Broken links may exist due to some kind of server error, which, in turn, causes the corresponding page to malfunction and not be displayed. A valid URL will have a 2xx HTTP status code. Broken links, which are essentially invalid HTTP requests have 4xx and 5xx status codes.</p><p>The 4xx status code refers to a client-side error, while the 5xx status code usually points to a server response error.</p><div class="guide-highlight-section green-section"><p><strong>Read More:</strong> <a title="What is Browser Automation?" href="https://www.browserstack.com/guide/what-is-browser-automation" target="_blank" rel="noopener">What is Browser Automation?</a></p></div><p><strong>HTTP Status Codes for Broken Links</strong></p><table><tbody><tr><th><strong>HTTP Status Code</strong></th><th><strong>Definition</strong></th></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: 400">400 (Bad Request)</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: 400">Server unable to process request as URL is incorrect</span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: 400">400 (Bad Request – Bad Host)</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: 400">Server unable to process request as host name is invalid</span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: 400">400 (Bad Request – Bad URL):</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: 400">Server cannot process request as the URL is of incorrect format; missing characters like brackets, slashes, etc.</span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: 400">400 (Bad Request – Empty)</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: 400">Response returned by the server is empty with no content &amp; no response code</span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: 400">400 (Bad Request – Timeout)</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: 400">HTTP requests have timed out</span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: 400">400 (Bad Request – Reset)</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: 400">Server is unable to process the request, as it is busy processing other requests or has been misconfigured by site owner</span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: 400">404 (Page Not Found)</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: 400">Page is not available on the server</span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: 400">403 (Forbidden)</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: 400">Server refuses to fulfill the request as authorization is required</span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: 400">410 (Gone)</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: 400">Page is gone. This code is more permanent than 404</span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: 400">408 (Request Time Out)</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: 400">Server has timed-out waiting for the request. </span></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-weight: 400">503 (Service Unavailable)</span></td><td><span style="font-weight: 400">Server is temporarily overloaded and cannot process the request</span></td></tr></tbody></table><h3><strong>Why check for Broken Links in Selenium?</strong></h3><p>If a user clicks on a broken link, they will be directed to an error page. This obviously contributes to sub-par user experience. Broken links defeat the purpose of having the website in the first place because users cannot find the information or service they are looking for.</p><p>Every link on a website must be tested to ensure that it is functioning as expected. However, given that most websites have hundreds (sometimes thousands) of links required to make them work, <a title="Manual Testing for Beginners" href="https://www.browserstack.com/guide/manual-testing-tutorial" target="_blank" rel="noopener">manual testing</a> of each link would require excessive amounts of time, effort, and resources. Moreover, with <a title="Automated Selenium Testing" href="/automate">automated Selenium testing</a> being an option, it would be completely unnecessary.</p><div class="guide-highlight-section green-section"><p><strong>Read More:</strong> <a title="How to take Screenshots in Selenium" href="https://www.browserstack.com/guide/take-screenshots-in-selenium" target="_blank" rel="noopener">How to take Screenshots in Selenium</a></p></div><h3><strong>Common Reasons for Broken Links</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>404 Page Not Found</strong> – The destination web page has been removed by the owner</li><li><strong>400 Bad Request</strong> – The server cannot process the HTTP request triggered by the link because the URL address requested is wrong</li><li>Due to the user’s firewall settings, the browser cannot access the destination web page</li><li>The link is misspelled</li></ul><h3><strong>How to identify broken links in Selenium WebDriver</strong></h3><p>To check broken links in Selenium, the process is simple. On a web page, hyperlinks are implemented using the HTML Anchor (&lt;a&gt;) tag. All the script needs to do is to locate every anchor tag on a web page, get the corresponding URLs, and run through the links to check if any of them are broken.</p><p>Use the following steps to identify broken links in Selenium</p><ol><li>Use &lt;a&gt; tag to fetch all the links present on a web page</li><li>Send HTTP request for the link</li><li>Verify the HTTP response code for the link</li><li>Determine if the link is valid or it is broken based on the HTTP response code</li><li>Repeat the process for all links captured with the first step</li></ol><p>If you’re wondering how to find broken images using Selenium WebDriver, use the same process.</p><div class="guide-highlight-section blue-section"><p><strong>Read More:</strong> <a title="How to perform Double Click in Selenium" href="https://www.browserstack.com/guide/double-click-in-selenium" target="_blank" rel="noopener">How to perform Double Click in Selenium</a></p></div><h3><strong>Finding Broken Links in Selenium: Example</strong></h3><pre class="prettyprint">package BstackDemo;&#13; import org.openqa.selenium.By;&#13; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;&#13; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;&#13; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;&#13; import java.net.HttpURLConnection;&#13; import java.net.URL;&#13; import java.util.List;&#13; public class BrokenLinks {&#13; public static void main(String[] args) {&#13; System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/chromedriver.exe");&#13; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();&#13; // Navigate to BStackDemo Website&#13; driver.get("https://bstackdemo.com/");&#13; // Finding all the available links on webpage&#13; List&lt;WebElement&gt; links = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));&#13; // Iterating each link and checking the response status&#13; for (WebElement link : links) {&#13; String url = link.getAttribute("href");&#13; verifyLink(url);&#13; driver.quit();&#13; public static void verifyLink(String url) {&#13; try {&#13; URL link = new URL(url);&#13; HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) link.openConnection();&#13; httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(3000); // Set connection timeout to 3 seconds&#13; httpURLConnection.connect();&#13; if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() == 200) {&#13; System.out.println(url + " - " + httpURLConnection.getResponseMessage());&#13; } else {&#13; System.out.println(url + " - " + httpURLConnection.getResponseMessage() + " - " + "is a broken link");&#13;