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1ekb41w">.css-1ekb41w{width:100%;margin-left:auto;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:auto;display:block;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;}@media (min-width:600px){.css-1ekb41w{padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px;}}@media (min-width:1536px){.css-1ekb41w{max-width:1536px;}}</style><div class="MuiContainer-root MuiContainer-maxWidthXl doc-content css-1ekb41w"><div class="markdown-body MuiBox-root css-0"><h1 id="子查询相关的优化" style="position:relative"><a href="#%E5%AD%90%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96" aria-label="子查询相关的优化 permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a>子查询相关的优化</h1><p>本文主要介绍子查询相关的优化。</p><p>通常会遇到如下情况的子查询：</p><ul><li><code>NOT IN (SELECT ... FROM ...)</code></li><li><code>NOT EXISTS (SELECT ... FROM ...)</code></li><li><code>IN (SELECT ... FROM ..)</code></li><li><code>EXISTS (SELECT ... FROM ...)</code></li><li><code>... &gt;/&gt;=/&lt;/&lt;=/=/!= (SELECT ... FROM ...)</code></li></ul><p>有时，子查询中包含了非子查询中的列，如 <code>select * from t where t.a in (select * from t2 where t.b=t2.b)</code> 中，子查询中的 <code>t.b</code> 不是子查询中的列，而是从子查询外面引入的列。这种子查询通常会被称为<code>关联子查询</code>，外部引入的列会被称为<code>关联列</code>，关联子查询相关的优化参见<a href="/zh/tidb/stable/correlated-subquery-optimization">关联子查询去关联</a>。本文主要关注不涉及关联列的子查询。</p><p>子查询默认会以<a href="/zh/tidb/stable/explain-overview">理解 TiDB 执行计划</a>中提到的 <code>semi join</code> 作为默认的执行方式，同时对于一些特殊的子查询，TiDB 会做一些逻辑上的替换使得查询可以获得更好的执行性能。</p><h2 id="--all-select--from--或者---any-select--from-" style="position:relative"><a href="#--all-select--from--%E6%88%96%E8%80%85---any-select--from-" aria-label=" all select from 或者 any select from permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a><code>... &lt; ALL (SELECT ... FROM ...)</code> 或者 <code>... &gt; ANY (SELECT ... FROM ...)</code></h2><p>对于这种情况，可以将 <code>ALL</code> 或者 <code>ANY</code> 用 <code>MAX</code> 以及 <code>MIN</code> 来代替。不过由于在表为空时，<code>MAX(EXPR)</code> 以及 <code>MIN(EXPR)</code> 的结果会为 <code>NULL</code>，其表现形式和 <code>EXPR</code> 是有 <code>NULL</code> 值的结果一样。以及外部表达式结果为 <code>NULL</code> 时也会影响表达式的最终结果，因此这里完整的改写会是如下的形式：</p><ul><li><code>t.id &lt; all(select s.id from s)</code> 会被改写为 <code>t.id &lt; min(s.id) and if(sum(s.id is null) != 0, null, true)</code>。</li><li><code>t.id &lt; any (select s.id from s)</code> 会被改写为 <code>t.id &lt; max(s.id) or if(sum(s.id is null) != 0, null, false)</code>。</li></ul><h2 id="--any-select--from-" style="position:relative"><a href="#--any-select--from-" aria-label=" any select from permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a><code>... != ANY (SELECT ... FROM ...)</code></h2><p>对于这种情况，当子查询中不同值的个数只有一种的话，那只要和这个值对比就即可。如果子查询中不同值的个数多于 1 个，那么必然会有不相等的情况出现。因此这样的子查询可以采取如下的改写手段：</p><ul><li><code>select * from t where t.id != any (select s.id from s)</code> 会被改写为 <code>select t.* from t, (select s.id, count(distinct s.id) as cnt_distinct from s) where (t.id != s.id or cnt_distinct &gt; 1)</code></li></ul><h2 id="--all-select--from-" style="position:relative"><a href="#--all-select--from-" aria-label=" all select from permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a><code>... = ALL (SELECT ... FROM ...)</code></h2><p>对于这种情况，当子查询中不同值的个数多于一种的话，那么这个表达式的结果必然为假。因此这样的子查询在 TiDB 中会改写为如下的形式：</p><ul><li><code>select * from t where t.id = all (select s.id from s)</code> 会被改写为 <code>select t.* from t, (select s.id, count(distinct s.id) as cnt_distinct from s) where (t.id = s.id and cnt_distinct &lt;= 1)</code></li></ul><h2 id="-in-select--from-" style="position:relative"><a href="#-in-select--from-" aria-label=" in select from permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a><code>... IN (SELECT ... FROM ...)</code></h2><p>对于这种情况，会将其 <code>IN</code> 的子查询改写为 <code>SELECT ... FROM ... GROUP ...</code> 的形式，然后将 <code>IN</code> 改写为普通的 <code>JOIN</code> 的形式。如 <code>select * from t1 where t1.a in (select t2.a from t2)</code> 会被改写为 <code>select t1.* from t1, (select distinct(a) a from t2) t2 where t1.a = t2.a</code> 的形式。同时这里的 <code>DISTINCT</code> 可以在 <code>t2.a</code> 具有 <code>UNIQUE</code> 属性时被自动消去。</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><style data-emotion="css 1qhimia">.css-1qhimia{margin-right:3rem;overflow:auto;}</style><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia">explain <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> <span class="hljs-operator">*</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> t1 <span class="hljs-keyword">where</span> t1.a <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> t2.a <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> t2); </div><style data-emotion="css ux9q70">.css-ux9q70{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:2.4rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-ux9q70:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-ux9q70:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-ux9q70.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><style data-emotion="css 1rmx1rm">.css-1rmx1rm{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:2.4rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-1rmx1rm::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-1rmx1rm.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-1rmx1rm{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-1rmx1rm:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-1rmx1rm:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-1rmx1rm.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><style data-emotion="css 1cw4hi4">.css-1cw4hi4{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:fill 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;font-size:inherit;}</style><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><style data-emotion="css 1e2dcm1">.css-1e2dcm1{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css okvapm">.css-okvapm{z-index:1500;pointer-events:none;}</style><style data-emotion="css rnn29l">.css-rnn29l{text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:0.625rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-rnn29l:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-rnn29l:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-rnn29l.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><style data-emotion="css fxo539">.css-fxo539{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;outline:0;border:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;vertical-align:middle;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:1.5rem;padding:8px;border-radius:50%;overflow:visible;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54);-webkit-transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) 0ms;padding:5px;font-size:1.125rem;top:0.625rem;right:0.625rem;background:transparent;border:unset;}.css-fxo539::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;}.css-fxo539.Mui-disabled{pointer-events:none;cursor:default;}@media print{.css-fxo539{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;}}.css-fxo539:hover{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}@media (hover: none){.css-fxo539:hover{background-color:transparent;}}.css-fxo539.Mui-disabled{background-color:transparent;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.26);}</style><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------------------------------+---------+-----------+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> id <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> estRows <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> task <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> access object <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> operator info <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------------------------------+---------+-----------+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> IndexJoin_12 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">9990.00</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> root <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">inner</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">join</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">inner</span>:TableReader_11, <span class="hljs-keyword">outer</span> key:test.t2.a, <span class="hljs-keyword">inner</span> key:test.t1.a <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> ├─HashAgg_21(Build) <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">7992.00</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> root <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">group</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">by</span>:test.t2.a, funcs:firstrow(test.t2.a)<span class="hljs-operator">-</span><span class="hljs-operator">&gt;</span>test.t2.a <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> │ └─IndexReader_28 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">9990.00</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> root <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> index:IndexFullScan_27 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> │ └─IndexFullScan_27 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">9990.00</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> cop[tikv] <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">table</span>:t2, index:idx(a) <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> keep <span class="hljs-keyword">order</span>:<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>, stats:pseudo <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> └─TableReader_11(Probe) <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">7992.00</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> root <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> data:TableRangeScan_10 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> └─TableRangeScan_10 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-number">7992.00</span> <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> cop[tikv] <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">table</span>:t1 <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span>: decided <span class="hljs-keyword">by</span> [test.t2.a], keep <span class="hljs-keyword">order</span>:<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>, stats:pseudo <span class="hljs-operator">|</span> <span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------------------------------+---------+-----------+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+</span> </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><p>这个改写会在 <code>IN</code> 子查询相对较小，而外部查询相对较大时产生更好的执行性能。因为不经过改写的情况下，我们无法使用以 t2 为驱动表的 <code>index join</code>。同时这里的弊端便是，当改写删成的聚合无法被自动消去且 <code>t2</code> 表比较大时，反而会影响查询的性能。目前 TiDB 中使用 <a href="/zh/tidb/stable/system-variables#tidb_opt_insubq_to_join_and_agg">tidb_opt_insubq_to_join_and_agg</a> 变量来控制这个优化的打开与否。当遇到不合适这个优化的情况可以手动关闭。</p><h2 id="exists-子查询以及---select--from-" style="position:relative"><a href="#exists-%E5%AD%90%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A---select--from-" aria-label="exists 子查询以及 select from permalink" class="anchor before"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></a><code>EXISTS</code> 子查询以及 <code>... &gt;/&gt;=/&lt;/&lt;=/=/!= (SELECT ... FROM ...)</code></h2><p>当前对于这种场景的子查询，当它不是关联子查询时，TiDB 会在优化阶段提前展开它，将其直接替换为一个结果集直接判断结果。如下图中，<code>EXISTS</code> 会提前在优化阶段被执行为 <code>TRUE</code>，从而不会在最终的执行结果中看到它。</p><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-keyword">create</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">table</span> t1(a <span class="hljs-type">int</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">create</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">table</span> t2(a <span class="hljs-type">int</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">insert</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">into</span> t2 <span class="hljs-keyword">values</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>); explain <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> <span class="hljs-operator">*</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> t1 <span class="hljs-keyword">where</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">exists</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> <span class="hljs-operator">*</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> t2); </div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-1rmx1rm" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Toggle code wrap"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="WrapTextIcon"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3 3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z"/></svg></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiIconButton-root MuiIconButton-sizeSmall css-fxo539" tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="copy"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeInherit css-1cw4hi4" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewbox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="ContentCopyIcon"><path d="M16 1H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14h2V3h12V1zm3 4H8c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h11c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V7c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H8V7h11v14z"/></svg></button></code></pre><pre><code class="hljs language-sql"><div class="MuiBox-root css-1qhimia"><span class="hljs-operator">+</span><span class="hljs-comment">------------------------+----------+-----------+---------------+--------------------------------+</span>