摘要： 信号分子一氧化氮（Nitric oxide,NO）参与植物的许多生理反应过程,例如：萌发、气孔的关闭、侧根的发育以及生物与非生物的胁迫反应过程等,主要的调控形式是与半胱氨酸上的硫基发生可逆的S-亚硝基化作用。NO的半衰期很短,这限制了它在细胞中的生理功能,与胞内含硫基的分子形成的S-亚硝基硫醇（S-nitrosothiols,SNOs）的化学性质稳定,在植物的生长发育及抗逆过程中SNOs参与NO的运输、扩散、储存以及蛋白的翻译后修饰过程。谷胱甘肽（Glutathione,GSH）与NO发生S-亚硝基化作用形成S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽（S-nitrosoglutathione,GSNO）,GSNO作为NO的储存与转运形式,可以把NO转到靶蛋白上,使靶蛋白发生亚硝基化。亚硝基谷胱甘肽还原酶（S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase,GSNOR）是生物体中的一类保守蛋白,通过还原亚硝基谷胱甘肽从而调节细胞内NO及亚硝基硫醇（S-nitrosothiols,SNOs）水平,保护机体免受亚硝化的胁迫,间接的调控的细胞的氧化状态。GSNO是一个天然的NO储存库,GSNOR是调节机体亚硝基化水平的关键基因。主要对GSNOR参与的植物生长发育、生物与非生物胁迫等过程进行了概述,探讨GSNOR在植物生长发育及胁迫反应中的作用机制,将有助于我们对NO生理功能的了解,旨在为将来GSNOR的研究提供理论参考和思路。

Abstract: Nitric oxide（NO）as a signaling molecule is involved in diverse physiological processes such as germination,stomata closing,lateral root development and biotic and abiotic stress response. The predominant regulating way of NO action is S-nitrosylation,the reversible covalent attachment of NO to cysteine thiols. As a free radical,NO’s half-life is very short,which restricts their physiological function in cells;while the S-nitrosothiols（SNOs）from the interaction of NO with intracellular sulfhydryl-containing molecules are generally more stable in solution,and it participates in the transport,diffusion,and storage of NO,as well as the post-translational modifications of proteins. S-nitrosoglutathione（GSNO）from s-nitrosation with NO is the storage and transport form of NO,which can transfer its NO moiety to proteins and enable target protein to be in nitrosylation. As a type of conserved protein,S-nitrosoglutathione reductase（GSNOR）regulates the level of intracellular NO and nitroso mercaptan（SNOs）by reducing GSNO,thus which may protect the body from nitrosation stress and indirectly regulate the oxidative state cell. GSNO is a natural NO repository and GSNOR is the key gene that regulates the level of nitrosylation. This paper mainly summarizes the processes of plant growth and development,biological and abiotic stress involved in GSNOR. Exploring the mechanism of GSNOR in plant growth and stress response will help us to understand the physiological function of NO,aiming at providing a theoretical reference and thought for future GSNOR research.

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