讓 container 中的 ASP.NET Core 也有憑證

經 2021/03/04 測試，本文內容失效，請參考 ASP.NET Core gRPC 使用自發憑證

之前筆記使用 ASP.NET Core middleware 進行 gRPC healthy check 、使用 ASP.NET Core BackgroundService 進行 gRPC healthy check 以及 ASP.NET Core gRPC 無法在 macOS 上啟動？！都有提到過 gRPC 的原生限制：採用 HTTP2 協定並預設使用 SSL，雖然可以使用 clear text 只是如此一來不僅失去安全性在設定上還是比較繁瑣些

與其老是想著要怎麼設定跟調整來避開 gRPC 的 HTTP2 SSL 問題，突然想轉個念：乾脆給個憑證說不定還簡單些，今天就紀錄一下做法供比較參考囉

基本環境說明

macOS Catalina 10.15.6
docker desktop community 2.3.0.5(48029)
.NET Core SDK 3.1.301

docker images

yowko/healthcheck:nocert

專案程式碼如下

Program.cs

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
namespace HealthCheck_POC
    public class Program
        public static void Main(string[] args)
            CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
        public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
            Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
                   webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();

Startup.cs

using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
namespace HealthCheck_POC
    public class Startup
        private IHostApplicationLifetime _hostApplicationLifetime;
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
            services.AddGrpc();
            services.AddHealthChecks().AddCheck<GreeterHealthChecker>("example_health_check");
            //指定 endpoint 為 localhost，並忽略憑證有效性
            services.AddGrpcClient<Greeter.GreeterClient>(o =>
                o.Address = new Uri("https://localhost:5001");
                .ConfigurePrimaryHttpMessageHandler(() => {
                    return new HttpClientHandler
                    ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback = (message, cert, chain, errors) => true
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env, IHostApplicationLifetime hostApplicationLifetime)
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            app.UseRouting();
            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
                endpoints.MapHealthChecks("/health");
                endpoints.MapGrpcService<GreeterService>();
                endpoints.MapGet("/",
                    async context =>
                        await context.Response.WriteAsync(
                            "Communication with gRPC endpoints must be made through a gRPC client. To learn how to create a client, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2086909");

appsettings.json

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft": "Warning",
      "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
  "AllowedHosts": "*",
  "Kestrel": {
    "EndpointDefaults": {
      "Protocols": "Http2"

GreeterHealthChecker.cs

using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Diagnostics.HealthChecks;
namespace HealthCheck_POC
    public class GreeterHealthChecker : IHealthCheck
        private readonly Greeter.GreeterClient _client;
        public GreeterHealthChecker(Greeter.GreeterClient client)
            _client = client;
        public async Task<HealthCheckResult> CheckHealthAsync(HealthCheckContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken))
            var reply = await _client.SayHelloAsync(
            new HelloRequest { Name = "GreeterClient" });
            if (reply.Message == "Hello GreeterClient")
                return HealthCheckResult.Healthy("A healthy result.");
            return HealthCheckResult.Unhealthy("An unhealthy result.");

Protos/greet.proto

syntax = "proto3";
option csharp_namespace = "HealthCheck_POC";
package greet;
// The greeting service definition.
service Greeter {
  // Sends a greeting
  rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply);
// The request message containing the user's name.
message HelloRequest {
  string name = 1;
// The response message containing the greetings.
message HelloReply {
  string message = 1;

Services/GreeterService.cs

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Grpc.Core;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
namespace HealthCheck_POC
    public class GreeterService : Greeter.GreeterBase
        private readonly ILogger<GreeterService> _logger;
        public GreeterService(ILogger<GreeterService> logger)
            _logger = logger;
        public override Task<HelloReply> SayHello(HelloRequest request, ServerCallContext context)
            return Task.FromResult(new HelloReply
                Message = "Hello " + request.Name

DOCKERFILE

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk:3.1 AS build
WORKDIR /app
# 複製 sln csproj and restore nuget
COPY *.sln .
# 目標路徑資料夾要與來源路徑資料夾名稱相同(因 sln 已儲存專案路徑)
COPY HealthCheck_POC/*.csproj ./HealthCheck_POC/
#RUN dotnet dev-certs https --trust
# nuget restore
RUN dotnet restore
# 複製其他檔案
COPY HealthCheck_POC/. ./HealthCheck_POC/
WORKDIR /app/HealthCheck_POC
# 使用 Release 建置專案並輸出至 out
RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o out
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:3.1 AS runtime
WORKDIR /app
# 將產出物複製至 app 下
COPY --from=build /app/HealthCheck_POC/out ./
# 啟動 TestDokcer
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "HealthCheck_POC.dll"]

專案調整與設定

執行指令

docker run --name poc -p 5001:5001 -e ASPNETCORE_URLS=https://+:5001 yowko/healthcheck:nocert

錯誤訊息

crit: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel[0]
Unable to start Kestrel.
System.InvalidOperationException: Unable to configure HTTPS endpoint. No server certificate was specified, and the default developer certificate could not be found or is out of date.
To generate a developer certificate run 'dotnet dev-certs https'. To trust the certificate (Windows and macOS only) run 'dotnet dev-certs https --trust'.
For more information on configuring HTTPS see https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=848054.
    at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ListenOptionsHttpsExtensions.UseHttps(ListenOptions listenOptions, Action`1 configureOptions)
    at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ListenOptionsHttpsExtensions.UseHttps(ListenOptions listenOptions)
    at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Internal.AddressBinder.AddressesStrategy.BindAsync(AddressBindContext context)
    at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Internal.AddressBinder.BindAsync(IServerAddressesFeature addresses, KestrelServerOptions serverOptions, ILogger logger, Func`2 createBinding)
    at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServer.StartAsync[TContext](IHttpApplication`1 application, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
Unhandled exception. System.InvalidOperationException: Unable to configure HTTPS endpoint. No server certificate was specified, and the default developer certificate could not be found or is out of date.
To generate a developer certificate run 'dotnet dev-certs https'. To trust the certificate (Windows and macOS only) run 'dotnet dev-certs https --trust'.
For more information on configuring HTTPS see https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=848054.
    at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ListenOptionsHttpsExtensions.UseHttps(ListenOptions listenOptions, Action`1 configureOptions)
    at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ListenOptionsHttpsExtensions.UseHttps(ListenOptions listenOptions)
    at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Internal.AddressBinder.AddressesStrategy.BindAsync(AddressBindContext context)
    at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Internal.AddressBinder.BindAsync(IServerAddressesFeature addresses, KestrelServerOptions serverOptions, ILogger logger, Func`2 createBinding)
    at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServer.StartAsync[TContext](IHttpApplication`1 application, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.GenericWebHostService.StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    at Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Internal.Host.StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    at Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.HostingAbstractionsHostExtensions.RunAsync(IHost host, CancellationToken token)
    at Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.HostingAbstractionsHostExtensions.RunAsync(IHost host, CancellationToken token)
    at Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.HostingAbstractionsHostExtensions.Run(IHost host)
    at HealthCheck_POC.Program.Main(String[] args) in /app/HealthCheck_POC/Program.cs:line 18

錯誤截圖

設定步驟

建立開發用憑證

官方文件在此：使用 Docker over HTTPS 裝載 ASP.NET Core 映射

語法

dotnet dev-certs https -ep ${HOME}/.aspnet/https/aspnetapp.pfx -p {password}
dotnet dev-certs https --trust

範例

dotnet dev-certs https -ep ${HOME}/.aspnet/https/aspnetapp.pfx -p pass.123
dotnet dev-certs https --trust

將憑證 mount 給 container 並設定 Kestrel 監聽 port

docker run --name poc -p 5001:5001 -e ASPNETCORE_URLS=https://+:5001 -e ASPNETCORE_Kestrel__Certificates__Default__Password="pass.123" -e ASPNETCORE_Kestrel__Certificates__Default__Path=/https/aspnetapp.pfx -v ${HOME}/.aspnet/https:/https/ yowko/healthcheck:nocert

實際使用

http request 成功觸發 grpc call 並正確取得 grpc response

心得

appsettings.json 中的 Kestrel ptotocol 不一定需要指定為 http2 使用預設的 http1andhttp2 亦可，重點是 certificate
AppContext.SetSwitch("System.Net.Http.SocketsHttpHandler.Http2UnencryptedSupport", true); 無效，需使用 HttpClientHandler 設定

反覆測試了幾次，大致上歸納出目前的設定方式供參考

經 2021/03/04 測試，本文內容失效，請參考 ASP.NET Core gRPC 使用自發憑證

文章目錄

讓 container 中的 ASP.NET Core 也有憑證

經 2021/03/04 測試，本文內容失效，請參考 ASP.NET Core gRPC 使用自發憑證

基本環境說明

設定步驟

心得

參考資訊