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buf-c-fmOTyU"><p>Today, we’re introducing a new tool for Protobuf APIs: <a data-link-external="true" href="https://buf.build/docs/curl/usage" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css"><code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code></a>.</p> <p>This addition to the Buf CLI makes it easy to invoke <a data-link-external="true" href="https://grpc.io/" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css">gRPC</a>, <a data-link-external="true" href="https://github.com/grpc/grpc-web" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css">gRPC-Web</a>, and <a data-link-external="true" href="https://connectrpc.com/" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css">Connect</a> endpoints when debugging, when testing, or in cases where using a generated RPC client is too heavy. It is designed to match the same workflow as <a data-link-external="true" href="https://everything.curl.dev" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css"><code class="buf-c-irsRye">curl</code></a>, even providing many of its familiar flags. Upgrade to v1.12.0 of <a data-link-external="true" href="https://github.com/bufbuild/buf" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css"><code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf</code></a> to use <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> today!</p> <h3 id="why-buf-curl?" class="buf-c-gxCNMu buf-c-kFfXbR buf-c-eCCPbt buf-c-kqOGYQ buf-c-gxCNMu-ihCHbbO-css">Why buf curl?<svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" viewbox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="header-link"><path fill-rule="evenodd" fill="currentColor" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></h3> <p><code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> makes it effortless to call RPC endpoints using the same setup and workflow as for building, linting, breaking change detection, and code generation - if your code builds with <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf</code>, you can use <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> right away.</p> <p>There have been previous tools that allow you to call gRPC endpoints. In fact, in a previous life, I built a popular one named <a data-link-external="true" href="https://www.fullstory.com/blog/tale-of-grpcurl/" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css"><code class="buf-c-irsRye">grpcurl</code></a>. <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> is the next generation of <code class="buf-c-irsRye">grpcurl</code> - with <code class="buf-c-irsRye">grpcurl</code>, you either need your servers to support <a data-link-external="true" href="https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/doc/server-reflection.md" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css">server reflection</a> (which comes with its own security considerations), <em>or</em> you have to practically re-create your Protobuf build system in the form of <code class="buf-c-irsRye">-proto</code> and <code class="buf-c-irsRye">-import-path</code> arguments. With <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code>, you don't have to think about any of that. While <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> <em>does</em> support server reflection, it also seamlessly integrates with the <a data-link-external="true" href="https://buf.build/docs/bsr/introduction" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css">Buf Schema Registry</a>, eliminating the need for server reflection or for a local Protobuf schema.</p> <p><strong class="buf-c-ktuyXL"><code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> is to <code class="buf-c-irsRye">grpcurl</code> as <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf</code> is to <code class="buf-c-irsRye">protoc</code></strong> - all the power that you need without any complexity. For teams that already use Buf, <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> is sure to make workflows simpler.</p> <h3 id="examples" class="buf-c-gxCNMu buf-c-kFfXbR buf-c-eCCPbt buf-c-kqOGYQ buf-c-gxCNMu-ihCHbbO-css">Examples<svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" viewbox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="header-link"><path fill-rule="evenodd" fill="currentColor" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></h3> <p>To get a sense for how <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> works, let’s take a look at a few examples.</p> <p>First, let’s use <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> to invoke a gRPC endpoint with local Protobuf sources and no server reflection. This uses the <a data-link-external="true" href="https://buf.build/docs/bsr/module/manage/" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css">module</a> defined in the <code class="buf-c-irsRye">proto</code> directory of <a data-link-external="true" href="https://github.com/connectrpc/examples-go" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css">github.com/connectrpc/examples-go</a> to invoke our demo ElizaService:</p> <div class="buf-c-dhzjXW buf-c-hgGNfL buf-c-dhzjXW-iTKOFX-column-true"><div class="buf-c-dhzjXW buf-c-dhzjXW-iTKOFX-column-true buf-c-dhzjXW-cmpvrW-position-relative"><pre class="buf-c-dlolso"><code class="buf-c-irsRye code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ git clone https://github.com/connectrpc/examples-go &amp;&amp; \ </span><span class="code-line"> cd ./examples-go &amp;&amp; \ </span><span class="code-line"> buf curl --protocol grpc --schema ./proto \ </span><span class="code-line"> https://demo.connectrpc.com/connectrpc.eliza.v1.ElizaService/Say \ </span><span class="code-line"> -d '{"sentence":"Hello."}' </span><span class="code-line">Cloning into 'examples-go'... </span><span class="code-line">remote: Enumerating objects: 446, done. </span><span class="code-line">remote: Counting objects: 100% (314/314), done. </span><span class="code-line">remote: Compressing objects: 100% (195/195), done. </span><span class="code-line">remote: Total 446 (delta 187), reused 185 (delta 89), pack-reused 132 </span><span class="code-line">Receiving objects: 100% (446/446), 120.50 KiB | 1.45 MiB/s, done. </span><span class="code-line">Resolving deltas: 100% (197/197), done. </span><span class="code-line">{"sentence":"Hello, how are you feeling today?"} <p>We also push this module to the Buf Schema Registry, located at <a data-link-external="true" href="https://buf.build/connectrpc/eliza" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css">buf.build/connectrpc/eliza</a>. Using modules hosted on the Buf Schema Registry is a snap:</p> <div class="buf-c-dhzjXW buf-c-hgGNfL buf-c-dhzjXW-iTKOFX-column-true"><div class="buf-c-dhzjXW buf-c-dhzjXW-iTKOFX-column-true buf-c-dhzjXW-cmpvrW-position-relative"><pre class="buf-c-dlolso"><code class="buf-c-irsRye code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ buf curl --protocol grpc --schema buf.build/connectrpc/eliza \ </span><span class="code-line"> https://demo.connectrpc.com/connectrpc.eliza.v1.ElizaService/Say \ </span><span class="code-line"> -d '{"sentence":"Hello."}' </span><span class="code-line">{"sentence": "Hello, how are you feeling today?"} <p>Finally, let’s try a request that uses the Connect protocol (the default) and this time retrieve the RPC schema using server reflection (which is enabled on our demo ElizaService). In this scenario, you don’t need any protocol or schema flags:</p> <div class="buf-c-dhzjXW buf-c-hgGNfL buf-c-dhzjXW-iTKOFX-column-true"><div class="buf-c-dhzjXW buf-c-dhzjXW-iTKOFX-column-true buf-c-dhzjXW-cmpvrW-position-relative"><pre class="buf-c-dlolso"><code class="buf-c-irsRye code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ buf curl \ </span><span class="code-line"> https://demo.connectrpc.com/connectrpc.eliza.v1.ElizaService/Say \ </span><span class="code-line"> -d '{"sentence":"Hello."}' </span><span class="code-line">{"sentence": "Hello, how are you feeling today?"} <h3 id="how-it-works" class="buf-c-gxCNMu buf-c-kFfXbR buf-c-eCCPbt buf-c-kqOGYQ buf-c-gxCNMu-ihCHbbO-css">How it works<svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" viewbox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="header-link"><path fill-rule="evenodd" fill="currentColor" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"/></svg></h3> <p>Protobuf-based RPCs binary-encode messages and wrap streamed messages in a binary envelope, making it difficult to craft ad-hoc requests using tools like <code class="buf-c-irsRye">curl</code> and <a data-link-external="true" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css"><code class="buf-c-irsRye">wget</code></a>.</p> <p><code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> differs from normal <code class="buf-c-irsRye">curl</code> by handling the relevant RPC protocol details for the user so they don’t need to remember the right way to craft a request (such as which HTTP method and headers need to be specified). It also takes care of message formatting and framing by accepting a simple JSON document (or multiple JSON values concatenated together for request streams) and translating the messages to the Protobuf binary format. For responses, it does the reverse, translating the Protobuf binary format into JSON to make the response data easier for humans to read and, combined with tools like <a data-link-external="true" href="https://stedolan.github.io/jq/" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css"><code class="buf-c-irsRye">jq</code></a>, easier to include in scripts.</p> <p>In order to do this format conversion, the Protobuf schema for the RPC service is needed since the Protobuf binary format cannot be interpreted without a schema. The <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> command can automatically download the schema from the server if it supports server reflection. If the server does not support server reflection, the tool can use a compiled descriptor set or even compile Protobuf sources on the fly, pulling the sources from a module in the Buf Schema Registry, a Git repo, or files on disk.</p> <p>The <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> command supports three protocols, selected via command-line option: <a data-link-external="true" href="https://connectrpc.com/docs/protocol" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css">Connect</a>, <a data-link-external="true" href="https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/doc/PROTOCOL-HTTP2.md" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css">gRPC</a>, and <a data-link-external="true" href="https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/doc/PROTOCOL-WEB.md" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css">gRPC-Web</a>. If your environment doesn't support HTTP/2 end-to-end, including through all load balancers and reverse proxies, then the gRPC protocol won't work. For that reason, <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> also supports Connect and gRPC-Web, which don’t require HTTP/2 and can work over HTTP/1.1.</p> <p>The <a data-link-external="true" href="https://buf.build/blog/connect-a-better-grpc" rel="nofollow" class="buf-c-dajVTZ buf-c-dajVTZ-ihbmGAf-css">Connect</a> protocol was developed to be friendlier both for humans and commonplace HTTP software libraries. It includes out-of-the-box support for JSON encoding and does not use framing or message enveloping for unary RPCs (i.e., non-streaming RPCs that have one request message and one response message). However, Connect still needs framing for streaming RPCs, which means it can be challenging to use with vanilla <code class="buf-c-irsRye">curl</code>. <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> is a one-stop shop for interacting with RPCs, even when using a simpler protocol like Connect.</p> <p>The command-line interface and options for <code class="buf-c-irsRye">buf curl</code> were designed to mirror the standard <code class="buf-c-irsRye">curl</code> command as closely as possible, so users who are familiar with <code class="buf-c-irsRye">curl</code> will be able to easily find