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At the end of the boot up process, the init daemon is started, this can be init or systemd or upstart , etc. OpenWrt currently uses procd . Following the boot up scripts located in /etc/rd.d , init will then start all sorts of programs, amongst them the chosen shell. This listens to keyboard strokes and outputs a more or less colorful command-line interface to the connected display. 中文翻译 :在设备启动流程的最后阶段,启动了 初始化程序 。一般而言,这个初始化程序可以是 init ,或者是 systemd , 或者是 upstart ,或其他别的什么程序;但OpenWrt目前使用的是 procd 程序。该阶段接下来执行的的启动脚本,就放在系统目录的“/etc/rd.d”目录下,“初始化”进程将执行所有该目录下的脚本,然后运行命令行控制台(shell)。之后就可以输入键盘字符,以及在显示终端里输出彩色的命令行文本信息了。 But most devices you run OpenWrt on, have neither a keyboard nor a display adapter. So we need to access it over the serial port (=local) or over the Ethernet port (= over the network). 中文翻译 :但是大部分你用来运行OpenWrt的设备上,既没有集成键盘,也没有显卡。所以,我们需要通过串口 serial port (通过本机方式访问),或者通过以太网接口(通过网络方式访问)。 Network protocols of choice are telnet and SSH . Both follow the server ↔ client scheme. On the device running OpenWrt we deploy telnetd for the telnet protocol and dropbear for for the SSH protocol. Try PuTTY for the real look-and-feel, but you should definitely also checkout WinSCP ! The latter won't work quite correctly, however Konqueror with fish:// does! See FISH (Files transferred over shell protocol) . 中文翻译 :网络协议可以选用telnet、SSH。这两种协议采用客户端到服务器的通信模式。在运行了OpenWrt的设备商,我们安装“telnetd”软件来提供telnet协议访问,安装“dropbear”软件来提供SSH协议的访问。然后用 PuTTY 软件来连接,你八成也下载了 WinSCP 软件来访问文件,但WinSCP访问不是很正常,因此你最好用 Konqueror 软件,采用“ fish://”来访问文件。详情请参见 FISH (Files transferred over shell protocol) 。 (OpenWrt does also include a SSH -client ssh and a telnet-client telnet , in case you want to login from it to somewhere else.) 中文翻译 :(OpenWrt也包含了SSH-client和telnet-client这样的客户端,如果你想在OpenWrt系统里访问别的地方,你就可以直接用ssh或者telnet命令。) Note: Before walkthrough_login only telnetd will run, and after only dropbear . 中文翻译 注意: 在你要登录访问时,系统里dropbear软件运行成功的条件是,telnetd先要运行成功。
  • you can configure the command prompt via the variable PS1 . see → https://controlc.de/2010/03/12/bash-shell-einrichten/ and many many many other pages in the web on help with that
  • you change the content of existent variables and can define new ones
  • 你可以通过你可以通过修改PS1这个变量来,改变命令行控制台窗口的提示符。详见→ https://controlc.de/2010/03/12/bash-shell-einrichten/ ,还有很多很多很多其他的网页说明如何修改
  • 你可以修改的现有环境变量,也可以定义新的变量
    When in PuTTY, you can mark text content with the mouse and, without pressing any key (like [Ctrl]+[c]), it is being automatically stored. You can then insert it the usual way (with [Ctrl]+[v]) in an other windows, e.g. an open firefox. The other way around, you copy text the usual way [Ctrl]+[c]) and then paste it in PuTTY by pressing the [right mouse button]! 中文翻译 :当你使用PuTTY这个软件的时候,你可以用鼠标来标记显示的文字,然后它们就被自动复制了,甚至不用按Ctrl+C这样的按键。你还可以使用类似于Ctrl+v按键组合来在另外的窗口粘贴这些内容,比如在浏览器里粘贴。其他的方法,如在别的窗口里按Ctrl+c复制,在PuTTY软件里面用鼠标右键来粘贴。 df disk free 显示当前可用的磁盘空间. 同样详见 flash.layout 理解 /rom ,以及其他内容. 以及参照 df 的帮助文件,查看具体选项. 使用 df -h 获取帮助信息. free 查看内存的使用情况 uptime 从启动到现在经历的时间长度 dmesg 显示开机信息,或者控制系统内的环状缓冲区(ring buffer) logread 显示从syslogd服务程序产生的信息 (使用 circular buffer) cat /proc/version 显示当前系统版本 cat /proc/meminfo 更详细的内存使用信息 cat /proc/cpuinfo CPU信息 cat /proc/mtd 存储设备(使用内存类似技术)的分局表 cat /proc/partitions 系统分区表 cat /proc/net/nf_conntrack 记录当前系统里存在的网络连接的表 cat /proc/cmdline cat /proc/modules 显示当前系统已经加载的模块 There is a ton of commands with a ton of options. On a full blown Linux distribution you would issue a man command to learn about the command and its options. However OpenWrt is minimalistic and thus does not contain this functionality. So either read the man-pages (manual pages) on another GNU/Linux machine or read them online: e.g. at https://man.cx/ . Man pages are in the process of being translated. 中文翻译 :系统有巨量的命令还有巨量的选项。在一个完整的Linux发行版本中,你可以使用“man 命令名称 ”命令来了解命令和它的选项。OpenWrt最小化配备地风格,以至于就没包含这个功能(译者注:指man帮助功能)。所以,你可以在另外一台包含了帮助文件的Linux机器上,或者在网页上去了解帮助内容:比如通过 https://man.cx/ 网站。帮助页面也正在被翻译之中。 Tip In firefox, you can use keywords to simplify the usage. Create a new bookmark, use https://man.cx/?page=%s as address and man as keyword. 中文翻译 提示 在火狐浏览器中,你可以使用 keywords 来简化查找命令帮助流程。标记一个新的书签,使用 https://man.cx/?page=%s 作为网址,以及 man 作为关键字。 The standard text editor included is vi . Until you get used to it, vi is neither intuitive nor pretty.
  • vi has two modes: command mode and insert mode .
  • to enter command mode press [Esc] (escape key)
  • to enter insert mode press either [i] for insert or [a] for append
  • vi starts out in command mode
    In order to get out of vi, you have to be in command mode . Press [Esc] (the escape key). Then issue one of the following commands:
  • :w to write the current file to disc, this will overwrite the old file
  • :q to quit without writing
  • :wq! to (forcefully) write to disk and then quit vi
  • :%s/string1/string2/g replace string1 with string2 in the whole file
    If you do not like vi , try joe , mg , nano , vim , vim-full , vim-help , vim-runtime , zile
  • and there may be other text editors available in the OpenWrt repos ;-)
  • when logged in via WinSCP/Konqueror you can also use some Editor on your PC
  • You may need to restart the system to let vim be installed properly.
  •