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Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2017 Jun 20; 37(6): 802–806.
PMCID: PMC6744155

Language: Chinese | English

不同pH条件下高低致龋性变异链球菌sRNA SpR19及其潜在靶标GroEL的表达变化

Changes in expressions of sRNA SpR19 and its potential target GroEL in Streptococcus mutans strains with different cariogenicity cultured under different pH conditions

胡 桐楠

解放军总医院口腔科,北京 100853, Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China

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郑 伟

军事医学科学院基础医学研究所,北京 100850, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China

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李 少华

军事医学科学院基础医学研究所,北京 100850, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China

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董 洁

军事医学科学院基础医学研究所,北京 100850, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China

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王 心玲

解放军总后勤部第一门诊部口腔中心,北京 100842, Center of Stomatology, First Out-patient Clinics, Department of General Logistics of PLA, Beijing 100842, China

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王 成龙

解放军总医院口腔科,北京 100853, Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China

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邵 宁生

军事医学科学院基础医学研究所,北京 100850, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China

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储 冰峰

解放军总医院口腔科,北京 100853, Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China 解放军总医院口腔科,北京 100853, Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China 军事医学科学院基础医学研究所,北京 100850, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China 解放军总后勤部第一门诊部口腔中心,北京 100842, Center of Stomatology, First Out-patient Clinics, Department of General Logistics of PLA, Beijing 100842, China * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.05.

2.3. Western blot实验鉴定高、低致龋菌中GroEL的蛋白表达水平及其在酸性培养条件下的表达变化

因为没有商品化变异链球菌内参蛋白抗体,准确定量后,取相同量蛋白电泳并转膜,丽春红染色后进行抗体免疫印记。结果显示,GroEL在不同致龋能力的临床分离株中存在明显的表达差异,且在与致龋密切相关的酸性培养条件(pH5.5)下高致龋性变异链球菌中GroEL表达呈明显优势( P < 0.05, 图 2 )。

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is nfykdxxb-37-6-802-2.jpg

不同pH培养条件下高低致龋变异链球菌中GroEL蛋白表达水平

GroEL protein expression level of different cariogenic Streptococcus mutans strains under different pH culture condition.

2.4. qRT-PCR验证在pH5.5及pH7情况下高、低致龋性变异链球菌GroEL mRNA的表达水平

提取不同培养条件下的高、低致龋变异链球菌的细菌总RNA,随机引物反转录后荧光定量PCR检测目的基因的mRNA表达水平变化。结果显示,无论是正常(pH7)培养条件下还是在与致龋密切相关的酸性培养条件(pH5.5)下,高致龋性变异链球菌中GroEL mRNA均高表达( P < 0.05),与蛋白表达趋势一致( 图 3 )。

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is nfykdxxb-37-6-802-3.jpg

不同pH培养条件下高低致龋性变异链球菌中GroEL mRNA表达水平

GroEL mRNA expression in Streptococcus mutans strains with different cariogenicities under different pH condition detected by qRT-PCR. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.05

3. 讨论

酸性环境可以直接导致牙釉质脱钙并诱发龋齿。变异链球菌的致龋性主要取决于其耐酸性。目前大部分研究关注在酸性环境下变异链球菌的生存机理。研究已证实多个与耐酸性相关的热休克蛋白家族基因 htrA dnaK groEL ,起到关键作用 [ 6 - 7 ] 。这些耐酸基因的调控机制,尤其是蛋白-蛋白以及sRNAs在转录后的基因表达过程中起到的调控作用也逐步得以解析 [ 8 , 19 ] 。Liu等 [ 8 ] 首次通过构建酸性条件下变异链球菌(18~50 nt)sRNAs文库、高通量测序分析及生物信息学分析得到 srn884837 srn133480 及其靶向的5种匹配的基因,证实其对靶基因的调控影响变异链球菌的耐酸特性。但对于变异链球菌致病相关的关键蛋白及其酸性环境中的调控机制尚需要更多的数据。本研究从致龋力不同的变异链球菌的sRNA高通量测序比较分析数据入手,针对变异链球菌耐酸相关的蛋白GroEL,利用生物信息学手段,筛选出一条可能靶向GroEL的sRNA SpR19。本研究进一步检测了上述分子的表达水平及其在酸性条件下的表达变化,为获得区分变异链球菌致龋能力的分子标志物及致龋相关分子的sRNA调控机制提供数据支持。

高龋患者与无龋健康变异链球菌临床分离株蛋白表达谱提示二者在60 000左右蛋白表达量上存在差异 [ 20 ] ;GroEL又称CH60或60 000伴侣分子,由含有高度保守性的 groES groEL 两个相距111 bp的基因构成,由 groE 操纵子表达,是属于热休克蛋白(HSP)60家族的一种可溶性蛋白,相对分子质量为60 000左右,它可捕捉并重折叠50 000~60 000非自身底物蛋白,防止其与其它非自身蛋白相互聚集、辅助新合成的及变性的蛋白折叠、组装、转运及降解,从而增强其酸适应性 [ 7 , 21 ] 。本研究通过制备GroEL的抗体和免疫印迹,进一步验证了GroEL在高致龋性变异链球菌中的高表达,与上述报道一致。另外,高致龋变异链球菌临床分离株中GroEL蛋白在酸性培养条件下无明显下降,而在低致龋变异链球菌中降低明显,也支持了GroEL蛋白在耐酸与致龋方面的重要作用。

但GroEL蛋白的调控机制,尤其是与致龋相关的sRNA调控机制并未见报道。我们进一步通过高、低致龋菌株的差异sRNA高通量测序数据,结合生物信息学手段,筛选出一条可能靶向GroEL的sRNA SpR19。细菌sRNA根据作用机制的不同主要可以分为3类:第1类sRNA称为核糖体开关,常位于mRNA前导序列5'-UTR区,随着结构改变调节下游基因表达 [ 22 ] ;第2类sRNA主要通过与靶核苷酸碱基特异性配对或与伴侣蛋白结合来发挥调节作用,如大肠杆菌中发现的大部分sRNA都与伴侣分子Hfq结合 [ 23 ] ;第3类为成簇规律性间隔的重复短回文序列CRISPRs,是基因组上的短回文序列串联排列重复规律间隔,目前认为可以在DNA的复制环节干扰噬菌体或质粒 [ 24 ]

细菌中最为普遍存在的是第2类sRNA,也是研究最广泛的一类。在细菌中以trans-sRNA作用为主 [ 23 ] ,通常由基因间隔区转录产生,在基因组中存在多个结合靶点。处于基因间隔区的sRNA SpR19可能是上述第2类调控机制的sRNA。生物信息学分析发现在GroEL的基因编码区及上下游调控区(基因间区)均存在多组高度匹配的SpR19的种子区。随后的数据证实,二者在酸性环境下的表达在高低致龋菌中存在负相关。由于缺乏针对变异链球菌有效的转染技术手段,本研究没有进一步的SpR19直接靶向GroEL的实验。下一步,我们将利用体外实验相关技术手段,包括构建荧光报告系统,提供SpR19直接靶向GroEL的实验数据支持。另外,我们的结果证实,在模拟致龋的耐酸环境下,GroEL与sRNA SpR19在高低致龋变异链球菌临床分离株中的明显表达差异,提示这一对分子可以作为分子标志物用于区分变异链球菌致龋能力。本研究目前正在搜集临床变异链球菌分离株,生化分析其高低致龋性,并与该一对潜在靶向的分子标志物鉴定结果比较,从而为临床变异链球菌致龋能力的鉴定提供更加便捷、细致的分子诊断手段。综上,本文从致龋高低不同菌株入手,结合高通量测序与耐酸关键蛋白,筛选到了与致龋、耐酸相关的一对具有潜在调控作用的分子标志物。

Biography

胡桐楠,在读硕士研究生,E-mail: moc.qq@687255093

Funding Statement

军队十二五面上项目(CWS12J126)

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