MySQL/MariaDB

The MySQL data source connector connects Prisma ORM to a MySQL or MariaDB database server.

By default, the MySQL connector contains a database driver responsible for connecting to your database. You can use a driver adapter (Preview) to connect to your database using a JavaScript database driver from Prisma Client.

Example ​

To connect to a MySQL database server, you need to configure a datasource block in your Prisma schema :

datasource db {
  provider = "mysql"
  url      = env("DATABASE_URL")
}

The fields passed to the datasource block are:

Connection details ​

Connection URL ​

Here's an overview of the components needed for a MySQL connection URL:

Base URL and path ​

Here is an example of the structure of the base URL and the path using placeholder values in uppercase letters:

mysql://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/DATABASE

The following components make up the base URL of your database, they are always required:

Arguments ​

A connection URL can also take arguments. Here is the same example from above with placeholder values in uppercase letters for three arguments :

mysql://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/DATABASE?KEY1=VALUE&KEY2=VALUE&KEY3=VALUE

The following arguments can be used:

As an example, if you want to set the connection pool size to 5 and configure a timeout for queries of 3 seconds, you can use the following arguments:

mysql://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/DATABASE?connection_limit=5&socket_timeout=3

Configuring an SSL connection ​

You can add various parameters to the connection URL if your database server uses SSL. Here's an overview of the possible parameters:

sslcert=<PATH> : Path to the server certificate. This is the root certificate used by the database server to sign the client certificate. You need to provide this if the certificate doesn't exist in the trusted certificate store of your system. For Google Cloud this likely is server-ca.pem . Certificate paths are resolved relative to the ./prisma folder

sslidentity=<PATH> : Path to the PKCS12 certificate database created from client cert and key. This is the SSL identity file in PKCS12 format which you will generate using the client key and client certificate. It combines these two files in a single file and secures them via a password (see next parameter). You can create this file using your client key and client certificate by using the following command (using openssl ):

openssl pkcs12 -export -out client-identity.p12 -inkey client-key.pem -in client-cert.pem

sslpassword=<PASSWORD> : Password that was used to secure the PKCS12 file. The openssl command listed in the previous step will ask for a password while creating the PKCS12 file, you will need to provide that same exact password here.

sslaccept=(strict|accept_invalid_certs) :

Your database connection URL will look similar to this:

mysql://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/DATABASE?sslidentity=client-identity.p12&sslpassword=mypassword&sslcert=rootca.cert

Connecting via sockets ​

To connect to your MySQL/MariaDB database via a socket, you must add a socket field as a query parameter to the connection URL (instead of setting it as the host part of the URI). The value of this parameter then must point to the directory that contains the socket, e.g. on a default installation of MySQL/MariaDB on Ubuntu or Debian use: mysql://USER:PASSWORD@HOST/DATABASE?socket=/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

Note that localhost is required, the value itself is ignored and can be anything.

Note : You can find additional context in this GitHub issue .

Type mapping between MySQL to Prisma schema ​

The MySQL connector maps the scalar types from the Prisma ORM data model as follows to native column types:

Alternatively, see Prisma schema reference for type mappings organized by Prisma ORM type.

Native type mapping from Prisma ORM to MySQL ​

Native type mapping from Prisma ORM to MariaDB ​

Native type mappings ​

When introspecting a MySQL database, the database types are mapped to Prisma ORM according to the following table:

Introspection adds native database types that are not yet supported as Unsupported fields:

model Device {
  id   Int                   @id @default(autoincrement())
  name String
  data Unsupported("circle")
}

Engine ​

If you are using a version of MySQL where MyISAM is the default engine, you must specify ENGINE = InnoDB; when you create a table. If you introspect a database that uses a different engine, relations in the Prisma Schema are not created (or lost, if the relation already existed).

Permissions ​