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安装 OpenCv 和 OpenCv_Contrib

git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git
git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib.git

将opencv_contrib目录移到opencv目录下
添加opencv所需要的依赖库：
GCC 4.4.x or later

List item

CMake 2.8.7 or higher

GTK+2.x or higher, including headers (libgtk2.0-dev)

pkg-config

Python 2.6 or later and Numpy 1.5 or later with developer packages
(python-dev, python-numpy)

ffmpeg or libav development packages: libavcodec-dev,
libavformat-dev, libswscale-dev

[optional] libtbb2 libtbb-dev

[optional] libdc1394 2.x

[optional] libjpeg-dev, libpng-dev, libtiff-dev, libjasper-dev,
libdc1394-22-dev

[optional] CUDA Toolkit 6.5 or higher

[compiler] sudo apt-get install build-essential
[required] sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
[optional] sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

使用CMake构建OpenCV

cd ~/opencv
mkdir build
cd build

cmake编译（后面的两个点不能丢）

 cmake -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=../opencv_contrib/modules ..
Unhandled Exception: OpenCvSharp.OpenCvSharpException: Failed to create VideoCapture System.TypeInitializationException: The type initializer for ‘OpenCvSharp.NativeMethods’ threw an exception.
 OpenCvSharp.OpenCvSharpException: Unable to load shared library ‘OpenCvSharpExtern’ or one of its dependencies. In order to help diagnose loading problems, consider setting the LD_DEBUG environment variable: libOpenCvSharpExtern: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory —> System.DllNotFoundException: Unable to load shared library ‘OpenCvSharpExtern’ or one of its dependencies. In order to help diagnose loading problems, consider setting the LD_DEBUG environment variable: libOpenCvSharpExtern: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib"
环境变量并重新启动系统