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在着色器中offset变量需要设置为一个归一化之后的值： 1.0/width , 按照原理图，在纹理坐标 y < (2/3) 范围，一次采样（加三次偏移采样）4 个 RGBA 像素（R,G,B,A）生成 1 个（Y0,Y1,Y2,Y3），整个范围采样结束时填充好 width*height 大小的缓冲区；当纹理坐标 y > (2/3) 范围，一次采样（加三次偏移采样）4 个 RGBA 像素（R,G,B,A）生成 1 个（V0,U0,V0,U1），又因为 UV 缓冲区的高度为 height/2 ，VU plane 在垂直方向的采样是隔行进行，整个范围采样结束时填充好 width*height/2 大小的缓冲区。

RGBtoYUVOpengl.cpp


#include "../utils/Log.h"
#include "RGBtoYUVOpengl.h"

// 顶点着色器
static const char *ver = "#version 300 esn"
                         "in vec4 aPosition;n"
                         "in vec2 aTexCoord;n"
                         "out vec2 v_texCoord;n"
                         "void main() {n"
                         "  v_texCoord = aTexCoord;n"
                         "  gl_Position = aPosition;n"
                         "}";

// 片元着色器
static const char *fragment = "#version 300 esn"
                              "precision mediump float;n"
                              "in vec2 v_texCoord;n"
                              "layout(location = 0) out vec4 outColor;n"
                              "uniform sampler2D s_TextureMap;n"
                              "uniform float u_Offset;n"
                              "const vec3 COEF_Y = vec3(0.299, 0.587, 0.114);n"
                              "const vec3 COEF_U = vec3(-0.147, -0.289, 0.436);n"
                              "const vec3 COEF_V = vec3(0.615, -0.515, -0.100);n"
                              "const float UV_DIVIDE_LINE = 2.0 / 3.0;n"
                              "void main(){n"
                              "    vec2 texelOffset = vec2(u_Offset, 0.0);n"
                              "    if (v_texCoord.   y <= UV_DIVIDE_LINE) {n"
                              "        vec2 texCoord = vec2(v_texCoord.   x, v_texCoord.   y * 3.0 / 2.0);n"
                              "        vec4 color0 = texture(s_TextureMap, texCoord);n"
                              "        vec4 color1 = texture(s_TextureMap, texCoord + texelOffset);n"
                              "        vec4 color2 = texture(s_TextureMap, texCoord + texelOffset * 2.0);n"
                              "        vec4 color3 = texture(s_TextureMap, texCoord + texelOffset * 3.0);n"
                              "        float y0 = dot(color0.   rgb, COEF_Y);n"
                              "        float y1 = dot(color1.   rgb, COEF_Y);n"
                              "        float y2 = dot(color2.   rgb, COEF_Y);n"
                              "        float y3 = dot(color3.   rgb, COEF_Y);n"
                              "        outColor = vec4(y0, y1, y2, y3);n"
                              "    } else {n"
                              "        vec2 texCoord = vec2(v_texCoord.x, (v_texCoord.y - UV_DIVIDE_LINE) * 3.0);n"
                              "        vec4 color0 = texture(s_TextureMap, texCoord);n"
                              "        vec4 color1 = texture(s_TextureMap, texCoord + texelOffset);n"
                              "        vec4 color2 = texture(s_TextureMap, texCoord + texelOffset * 2.0);n"
                              "        vec4 color3 = texture(s_TextureMap, texCoord + texelOffset * 3.0);n"
                              "        float v0 = dot(color0.   rgb, COEF_V) + 0.5;n"
                              "        float u0 = dot(color1.   rgb, COEF_U) + 0.5;n"
                              "        float v1 = dot(color2.   rgb, COEF_V) + 0.5;n"
                              "        float u1 = dot(color3.   rgb, COEF_U) + 0.5;n"
                              "        outColor = vec4(v0, u0, v1, u1);n"
                              "    }n"
                              "}";


// 使用绘制两个三角形组成一个矩形的形式(三角形带)
// 第一第二第三个点组成一个三角形，第二第三第四个点组成一个三角形
const static GLfloat VERTICES[] = {
        1.0f,-1.0f, // 右下
        1.0f,1.0f, // 右上
        -1.0f,-1.0f, // 左下
        -1.0f,1.0f // 左上
};

// FBO贴图纹理坐标（参考手机屏幕坐标系统，原点在左下角）
// 注意坐标不要错乱
const static GLfloat TEXTURE_COORD[] = {
        1.0f,0.0f, // 右下
        1.0f,1.0f, // 右上
        0.0f,0.0f, // 左下
        0.0f,1.0f // 左上
};

RGBtoYUVOpengl::RGBtoYUVOpengl() {
    initGlProgram(ver,fragment);
    positionHandle = glGetAttribLocation(program,"aPosition");
    textureHandle = glGetAttribLocation(program,"aTexCoord");
    textureSampler = glGetUniformLocation(program,"s_TextureMap");
    u_Offset = glGetUniformLocation(program,"u_Offset");
    LOGD("program:%d",program);
    LOGD("positionHandle:%d",positionHandle);
    LOGD("textureHandle:%d",textureHandle);
    LOGD("textureSample:%d",textureSampler);
    LOGD("u_Offset:%d",u_Offset);
}

RGBtoYUVOpengl::~RGBtoYUVOpengl() noexcept {

}

void RGBtoYUVOpengl::fboPrepare() {
    glGenTextures(1, &fboTextureId);
    // 绑定纹理
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, fboTextureId);
    // 为当前绑定的纹理对象设置环绕、过滤方式
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_NONE);

    glGenFramebuffers(1,&fboId);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER,fboId);
    // 绑定纹理
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,fboTextureId);
    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, fboTextureId, 0);
    // 这个纹理是多大的？
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, imageWidth / 4, imageHeight * 1.5, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
    // 检查FBO状态
    if (glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER)!= GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
        LOGE("FBOSample::CreateFrameBufferObj glCheckFramebufferStatus status != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE");
    }
    // 解绑
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_NONE);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_NONE);
}

// 渲染逻辑
void RGBtoYUVOpengl::onDraw() {

    // 绘制到FBO上去
    // 绑定fbo
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fboId);

    glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT,1);

    // 设置视口大小
    glViewport(0, 0,imageWidth / 4, imageHeight * 1.5);
    glClearColor(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    glUseProgram(program);

    // 激活纹理
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE2);
    glUniform1i(textureSampler, 2);

    // 绑定纹理
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);

    // 设置偏移
    float texelOffset = (float) (1.f / (float) imageWidth);
    glUniform1f(u_Offset,texelOffset);

    /**
     * size 几个数字表示一个点，显示是两个数字表示一个点
     * normalized 是否需要归一化，不用，这里已经归一化了
     * stride 步长，连续顶点之间的间隔，如果顶点直接是连续的，也可填0
     */
    // 启用顶点数据
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(positionHandle);
    glVertexAttribPointer(positionHandle,2,GL_FLOAT,GL_FALSE,0,VERTICES);

    // 纹理坐标
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(textureHandle);
    glVertexAttribPointer(textureHandle,2,GL_FLOAT,GL_FALSE,0,TEXTURE_COORD);

    // 4个顶点绘制两个三角形组成矩形
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP,0,4);

    glUseProgram(0);

    // 禁用顶点
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(positionHandle);
    if(nullptr != eglHelper){
        eglHelper->swapBuffers();
    }

    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);

    // 解绑fbo
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
}

// 设置RGB图像数据
void RGBtoYUVOpengl::setPixel(void *data, int width, int height, int length) {
    LOGD("texture setPixel");
    imageWidth = width;
    imageHeight = height;

    // 准备fbo
    fboPrepare();

    glGenTextures(1, &textureId);
    // 激活纹理，注意以下这个两句是搭配的，glActiveTexture激活的是那个纹理，就设置的sampler2D是那个
    // 默认是0，如果不是0的话，需要在onDraw的时候重新激活一下？
//    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
//    glUniform1i(textureSampler, 0);

// 例如，一样的
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE2);
    glUniform1i(textureSampler, 2);

    // 绑定纹理
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);
    // 为当前绑定的纹理对象设置环绕、过滤方式
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
    // 生成mip贴图
    glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    // 解绑定
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
}

// 读取渲染后的YUV数据
void RGBtoYUVOpengl::readYUV(uint8_t **data, int *width, int *height) {
    // 从fbo中读取
    // 绑定fbo
    *width = imageWidth;
    *height = imageHeight;
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fboId);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, fboTextureId);
    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
            GL_TEXTURE_2D, fboTextureId, 0);
    *data = new uint8_t[imageWidth * imageHeight * 3 / 2];
    glReadPixels(0, 0, imageWidth / 4, imageHeight * 1.5, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, *data);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
    // 解绑fbo
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
}

下面是Activity的主要代码逻辑：


public class RGBToYUVActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    protected MyGLSurfaceView myGLSurfaceView;


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_rgb_to_yuv);
        myGLSurfaceView = findViewById(R.id.my_gl_surface_view);
        myGLSurfaceView.setOpenGlListener(new MyGLSurfaceView.OnOpenGlListener() {
            @Override
            public BaseOpengl onOpenglCreate() {
                return new RGBtoYUVOpengl();
            }

            @Override
            public Bitmap requestBitmap() {
                BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
                options.inScaled = false;
                return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.mipmap.ic_smile,options);
            }

            @Override
            public void readPixelResult(byte[] bytes) {
                if (null != bytes) {

                }
            }

            // 也就是RGBtoYUVOpengl::readYUV读取到结果数据回调
            @Override
            public void readYUVResult(byte[] bytes) {
                if (null != bytes) {
                    String fileName = System.currentTimeMillis() + ".yuv";
                    File fileParent = getFilesDir();
                    if (!fileParent.exists()) {
                        fileParent.mkdirs();
                    }
                    FileOutputStream fos = null;
                    try {
                        File file = new File(fileParent, fileName);
                        fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
                        fos.write(bytes,0,bytes.length);
                        fos.flush();
                        fos.close();
                        Toast.makeText(RGBToYUVActivity.this, "YUV图片保存成功" + file.getAbsolutePath(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        Log.v("fly_learn_opengl", "图片保存异常：" + e.getMessage());
                        Toast.makeText(RGBToYUVActivity.this, "YUV图片保存失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    }
                }
            }

        });

        Button button = findViewById(R.id.bt_rgb_to_yuv);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                myGLSurfaceView.readYuvData();
            }
        });

        ImageView iv_rgb = findViewById(R.id.iv_rgb);
        iv_rgb.setImageResource(R.mipmap.ic_smile);

    }
}

以下是自定义SurfaceView的代码：

public class MyGLSurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {

    private final static int MSG_CREATE_GL = 101;
    private final static int MSG_CHANGE_GL = 102;
    private final static int MSG_DRAW_GL = 103;
    private final static int MSG_DESTROY_GL = 104;
    private final static int MSG_READ_PIXEL_GL = 105;
    private final static int MSG_UPDATE_BITMAP_GL = 106;
    private final static int MSG_UPDATE_YUV_GL = 107;
    private final static int MSG_READ_YUV_GL = 108;

    public BaseOpengl baseOpengl;
    private OnOpenGlListener onOpenGlListener;
    private HandlerThread handlerThread;
    private Handler renderHandler;

    public int surfaceWidth;
    public int surfaceHeight;

    public MyGLSurfaceView(Context context) {
        this(context,null);
    }

    public MyGLSurfaceView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        getHolder().addCallback(this);
        handlerThread = new HandlerThread("RenderHandlerThread");
        handlerThread.start();
        renderHandler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper()){
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
                switch (msg.what){
                    case MSG_CREATE_GL:
                        baseOpengl = onOpenGlListener.onOpenglCreate();
                        Surface surface = (Surface) msg.obj;
                        if(null != baseOpengl){
                            baseOpengl.surfaceCreated(surface);
                            Bitmap bitmap = onOpenGlListener.requestBitmap();
                            if(null != bitmap){
                                baseOpengl.setBitmap(bitmap);
                            }
                        }
                        break;

                    case MSG_CHANGE_GL:
                        if(null != baseOpengl){
                            Size size = (Size) msg.obj;
                            baseOpengl.surfaceChanged(size.getWidth(),size.getHeight());
                        }
                        break;

                    case MSG_DRAW_GL:
                        if(null != baseOpengl){
                            baseOpengl.onGlDraw();
                        }
                        break;

                    case MSG_READ_PIXEL_GL:
                        if(null != baseOpengl){
                           byte[] bytes = baseOpengl.readPixel();
                           if(null != bytes && null != onOpenGlListener){
                               onOpenGlListener.readPixelResult(bytes);
                           }
                        }
                        break;

                    case MSG_READ_YUV_GL:
                        if(null != baseOpengl){
                            byte[] bytes = baseOpengl.readYUVResult();
                            if(null != bytes && null != onOpenGlListener){
                                onOpenGlListener.readYUVResult(bytes);
                            }
                        }
                        break;


                    case MSG_UPDATE_BITMAP_GL:
                        if(null != baseOpengl){
                            Bitmap bitmap = onOpenGlListener.requestBitmap();
                            if(null != bitmap){
                                baseOpengl.setBitmap(bitmap);
                                baseOpengl.onGlDraw();
                            }
                        }
                        break;

                    case MSG_UPDATE_YUV_GL:
                        if(null != baseOpengl){
                            YUVBean yuvBean = (YUVBean) msg.obj;
                            if(null != yuvBean){
                                baseOpengl.setYuvData(yuvBean.getyData(),yuvBean.getUvData(),yuvBean.getWidth(),yuvBean.getHeight());
                                baseOpengl.onGlDraw();
                            }
                        }
                        break;

                    case MSG_DESTROY_GL:
                        if(null != baseOpengl){
                            baseOpengl.surfaceDestroyed();
                        }
                        break;
                }
            }
        };
    }

    public void setOpenGlListener(OnOpenGlListener listener) {
        this.onOpenGlListener = listener;
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceCreated(@NonNull SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder) {
        Message message = Message.obtain();
        message.what = MSG_CREATE_GL;
        message.obj = surfaceHolder.getSurface();
        renderHandler.sendMessage(message);
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceChanged(@NonNull SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder, int i, int w, int h) {
        Message message = Message.obtain();
        message.what = MSG_CHANGE_GL;
        message.obj = new Size(w,h);
        renderHandler.sendMessage(message);

        Message message1 = Message.obtain();
        message1.what = MSG_DRAW_GL;
        renderHandler.sendMessage(message1);

        surfaceWidth = w;
        surfaceHeight = h;

    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceDestroyed(@NonNull SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder) {
        Message message = Message.obtain();
        message.what = MSG_DESTROY_GL;
        renderHandler.sendMessage(message);
    }

    public void readGlPixel(){
        Message message = Message.obtain();
        message.what = MSG_READ_PIXEL_GL;
        renderHandler.sendMessage(message);
    }

    public void readYuvData(){
        Message message = Message.obtain();
        message.what = MSG_READ_YUV_GL;
        renderHandler.sendMessage(message);
    }

    public void updateBitmap(){
        Message message = Message.obtain();
        message.what = MSG_UPDATE_BITMAP_GL;
        renderHandler.sendMessage(message);
    }

    public void setYuvData(byte[] yData,byte[] uvData,int width,int height){
        Message message = Message.obtain();
        message.what = MSG_UPDATE_YUV_GL;
        message.obj = new YUVBean(yData,uvData,width,height);
        renderHandler.sendMessage(message);
    }

    public void release(){
        // todo 主要线程同步问题，当心surfaceDestroyed还没有执行到，但是就被release了，那就内存泄漏了
        if(null != baseOpengl){
            baseOpengl.release();
        }
    }

    public void requestRender(){
        Message message = Message.obtain();
        message.what = MSG_DRAW_GL;
        renderHandler.sendMessage(message);
    }

    public interface OnOpenGlListener{
        BaseOpengl onOpenglCreate();
        Bitmap requestBitmap();
        void readPixelResult(byte[] bytes);
        void readYUVResult(byte[] bytes);
    }

}

BaseOpengl的java代码：

public class BaseOpengl {

    public static final int YUV_DATA_TYPE_NV12 = 0;
    public static final int YUV_DATA_TYPE_NV21 = 1;

    // 三角形
    public static final int DRAW_TYPE_TRIANGLE = 0;
    // 四边形
    public static final int DRAW_TYPE_RECT = 1;
    // 纹理贴图
    public static final int DRAW_TYPE_TEXTURE_MAP = 2;
    // 矩阵变换
    public static final int DRAW_TYPE_MATRIX_TRANSFORM = 3;
    // VBO/VAO
    public static final int DRAW_TYPE_VBO_VAO = 4;
    // EBO
    public static final int DRAW_TYPE_EBO_IBO = 5;
    // FBO
    public static final int DRAW_TYPE_FBO = 6;
    // PBO
    public static final int DRAW_TYPE_PBO = 7;
    // YUV  nv12与nv21渲染
    public static final int DRAW_YUV_RENDER = 8;
    // 将rgb图像转换城nv21
    public static final int DRAW_RGB_TO_YUV = 9;

    public long glNativePtr;
    protected EGLHelper eglHelper;
    protected int drawType;

    public BaseOpengl(int drawType) {
        this.drawType = drawType;
        this.eglHelper = new EGLHelper();
    }

    public void surfaceCreated(Surface surface) {
        Log.v("fly_learn_opengl","------------surfaceCreated:" + surface);
        eglHelper.surfaceCreated(surface);
    }

    public void surfaceChanged(int width, int height) {
        Log.v("fly_learn_opengl","------------surfaceChanged:" + Thread.currentThread());
        eglHelper.surfaceChanged(width,height);
    }

    public void surfaceDestroyed() {
        Log.v("fly_learn_opengl","------------surfaceDestroyed:" + Thread.currentThread());
        eglHelper.surfaceDestroyed();
    }

    public void release(){
        if(glNativePtr != 0){
            n_free(glNativePtr,drawType);
            glNativePtr = 0;
        }
    }

    public void onGlDraw(){
        Log.v("fly_learn_opengl","------------onDraw:" + Thread.currentThread());
        if(glNativePtr == 0){
            glNativePtr = n_gl_nativeInit(eglHelper.nativePtr,drawType);
        }
        if(glNativePtr != 0){
            n_onGlDraw(glNativePtr,drawType);
        }
    }

    public void setBitmap(Bitmap bitmap){
        if(glNativePtr == 0){
            glNativePtr = n_gl_nativeInit(eglHelper.nativePtr,drawType);
        }
        if(glNativePtr != 0){
            n_setBitmap(glNativePtr,bitmap);
        }
    }

    public void setYuvData(byte[] yData,byte[] uvData,int width,int height){
        if(glNativePtr != 0){
            n_setYuvData(glNativePtr,yData,uvData,width,height,drawType);
        }
    }

    public void setMvpMatrix(float[] mvp){
        if(glNativePtr == 0){
            glNativePtr = n_gl_nativeInit(eglHelper.nativePtr,drawType);
        }
        if(glNativePtr != 0){
            n_setMvpMatrix(glNativePtr,mvp);
        }
    }

    public byte[] readPixel(){
        if(glNativePtr != 0){
            return n_readPixel(glNativePtr,drawType);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public byte[] readYUVResult(){
        if(glNativePtr != 0){
            return n_readYUV(glNativePtr,drawType);
        }
        return null;
    }

    // 绘制
    private native void n_onGlDraw(long ptr,int drawType);
    private native void n_setMvpMatrix(long ptr,float[] mvp);
    private native void n_setBitmap(long ptr,Bitmap bitmap);
    protected native long n_gl_nativeInit(long eglPtr,int drawType);
    private native void n_free(long ptr,int drawType);
    private native byte[] n_readPixel(long ptr,int drawType);
    private native byte[] n_readYUV(long ptr,int drawType);
    private native void n_setYuvData(long ptr,byte[] yData,byte[] uvData,int width,int height,int drawType);

}

将转换后的YUV数据读取保存好后，可以将数据拉取到电脑上使用 YUVViewer 这个软件查看是否真正转换成功。

https://juejin.cn/post/7025223104569802789

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