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link管理  ›  What is TypeError: Converting Circular Structure to JSON ? - GeeksforGeeks
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-typeerror-converting-circular-structure-to-json/
侠义非凡的大象
7 月前

The “ TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON ” error occurs when attempting to stringify objects with circular references using JSON.stringify() . We’ll see the reasons for this error and various solutions to handle circular structures during JSON serialization.

What is TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON?

The “ TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON ” error occurs when attempting to stringify an object with circular references using JSON.stringify() . JSON format does not support circular structures, so this error indicates that the serialization process cannot handle the circular references within the object being converted to JSON .

Error:

Error-min

Why does “TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON” occur?

Below, are the reasons for “TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON” occurring:

  • Circular Reference in Object or Array
  • Circular Reference in Class

Reason 1: Circular Reference in Object or Array

In this scenario, a circular reference is created within the object obj, where the obj.circular property points back to the obj itself. When attempting to convert obj to JSON using JSON.stringify , the error “ TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON ” occurs because JSON does not support circular references by default.

Example: The below code will generate the “ TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON ” error.

JavaScript 
const obj = {};
obj.circular = obj;
const jsonString = JSON.stringify(obj);

Output:


Hangup (SIGHUP)
/home/guest/sandbox/Solution.js:3
const jsonString = JSON.stringify(obj); // Error occurs here
                        ^

TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON
    --> starting at object with constructor 'Object'
    --- property 'circular' closes the circle
    at JSON.stringify (<anonymous>)
    at Object.<anonymous> (/home/guest/sandbox/Solution.js:3:25)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1198:14)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:inte...
Reason 2: Circular Reference in Class
In this scenario, a circular reference is created within the errorClass constructor, where the this.self property points back to the errorClass instance itself. When attempting to stringify obj using JSON.stringify, the error “TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON” occurs because JSON serialization does not handle circular references automatically in class instances. 


Example: The below code will generate the “TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON” error.

            JavaScript
    
class errorClass {
    constructor() {
        this.self = this;
const obj = new errorClass();
JSON.stringify(obj); 

Output:


Hangup (SIGHUP)
/home/guest/sandbox/Solution.js:7
JSON.stringify(obj); 
     ^

TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON
    --> starting at object with constructor 'errorClass'
    --- property 'self' closes the circle
    at JSON.stringify (<anonymous>)
    at Object.<anonymous> (/home/guest/sandbox/Solution.js:7:6)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1198:14)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1252:10)
    at Module.load (node:i...
Methods to solve “TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON“
Below are the solution for “TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON”:


  • Use a replacer function to handle circular references
  • Implementing Custom toJSON method in Class
Solution 1: Use a replacer function to handle circular references
In this solution, a replacer function is used in JSON.stringify to handle circular references. The function checks if a value is an object and not null, then replaces circular references with a placeholder value (‘circular reference’). This prevents the “TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON” error by handling circular structures during the JSON stringify operation.


Example: The below code will solve the “TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON” error.

            JavaScript
    
const obj = {};
obj.circular = obj;
const res = JSON.stringify(obj, (key, value) => {
    if (typeof value === 'object' && value !== null) {
        if (value instanceof Array) {
            return value.map(
                (item, index) => 
                (index === value.length - 1 ? 
                    'circular reference' : item));
        return { ...value, circular: 'circular reference' };
    return value;
console.log(res);


Output
{"circular":"circular reference"}






    

Solution 2: Implementing Custom toJSON method in Class
In this solution, we are implementing a custom toJSON method in the errorClass to handle the circular reference scenario. This custom method returns a JSON object with a placeholder value (‘[Circular Reference]‘) for the circularly referenced property, allowing JSON.stringify to serialize the object without giving the error.


Example: The below code will solve the “TypeError: Converting circular structure to JSON” error.

            JavaScript
    
class errorClass {
    constructor() {
        this.self = this;
    toJSON() {
        return { self: '[Circular Reference]' };
const obj = new errorClass();
const res = JSON.stringify(obj);
console.log(res);


Output
{"self":"[Circular Reference]"}
                
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