Read data from a file using read() in C

link管理

链接快照平台

输入网页链接，自动生成快照
标签化管理网页链接

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max-w-full justify-center"><div class="z-0 mb-12 box-border flex w-full max-w-full flex-col bg-white px-4 py-12 dark:bg-gray-D1400 sm:mb-10 sm:px-6 sm:pb-2 sm:pt-14 lg:px-10 lg:pb-2 lg:pt-14" style="max-width:59.5rem;min-width:320px"><h1 class="heading-one mb-9 mt-0 break-words text-left">Read data from a file using read() in C</h1><div class="w-full"><div class="rounded-md dark:border dark:border-solid dark:border-gray-D1200"><div class="rounded-md rounded-b-none" style="background:linear-gradient(105.48deg, rgba(85, 83, 255, 0.9) 1.36%, rgba(25, 24, 146, 0.9) 100%)"><p class="eyebrow text-left h-1.5 mb-0 uppercase text-white"/></div><div class="relative overflow-hidden bg-gradient-to-b from-indigo-50 via-indigo-50 to-indigo-200 p-4 dark:from-gray-D1400 dark:to-gray-D1400 sm:bg-gradient-to-r lg:px-6 lg:py-4 &#10; w-full rounded-md rounded-t-none sm:flex sm:flex-row lg:block"> <div class="sm:flex sm:flex-1 sm:flex-col"><div class="mb-2 flex justify-between lg:justify-start"><div class="items-center tailwind-hidden lg:block "/><div class="flex flex-col justify-between mt-1"><div><p class="heading-five mb-2 text-left">Free System Design Interview Course</p><div class="mb-2 text-left text-base leading-7 text-gray-L800 dark:text-gray-D200"><p>Many candidates are rejected or down-leveled due to poor performance in their System Design Interview. Stand out in System Design Interviews and get hired in 2024 with this popular free course.</p> </div></div><div class="tailwind-hidden mt-2 lg:block "><a href="https://www.educative.io/courses/system-design-interview-handbook"><button class="contained-primary h-9 w-full sm:w-max">Get Free Course</button></a></div></div><div class="items-center tailwind-hidden sm:block lg:hidden"/></div><div class="w-min lg:hidden "><a href="https://www.educative.io/courses/system-design-interview-handbook"><button class="contained-primary h-9 w-full sm:w-max">Get Free Course</button></a></div></div><div class="sm:hidden"/></div></div></div><div class="block " style="min-height:335px"><div id="viewer-component-nY706u6qeOHjEeDqKKlLW" class="mt-5 "><div class="clear-both relative"><div><div><div tabindex="0" style="outline:none"><div><div class=""><div id="widget-parent-nY706u6qeOHjEeDqKKlLW __className_95156b __variable_95156b" class=""><div class="h-auto w-full whitespace-normal after:clear-both after:table after:content-none markdown-container-div"><div class="markdownViewer select-text markdown-default markdown-table markdown-viewer markdown-viewer-slate markdown-viewer-heading" role="none"><h2 id="nY706u6qeOHjEeDqKKlLW"/><p id="Kv9aYz0-CvkfxMdrKSrxM">C is a high-level general-use programming language for making software and system programming. </p><h3 id="Zx_gQOCpdgryOxkLlKefi">The <code>read()</code> function</h3><p id="k1NqAbTozIKLKM6kIdgCq">The <strong><code>read()</code></strong><strong> function</strong> is a low-level file manipulation function used to perform read operations on a file. It can be accessed by using the <code>unistd.h</code> library provided by C.</p><h3 id="g7zbtGJyXZR1jBArtJURc">Syntax</h3><p id="IXyxKsBSLlBQC1RTlITmK">Below, we can see the syntax for the <code>read()</code> function.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="viewer-component-5Z7dfkjV8KjjjotSPnYr_" class="mt-5 "><div class="clear-both relative"><div><div><div tabindex="0" style="outline:none"><div><div class=""><div id="widget-parent-5Z7dfkjV8KjjjotSPnYr_ __className_95156b __variable_95156b" class=""><div class=""><div data-clarity-mask="true"><pre class="overflow-scroll pl-0 pt-0 dark:border-gray-D1100" style="height:35px;background:#1e1e1e;color:#e9e9e9"><div style="height:21px;margin-left:59px;font-size:14px">int read(int fileDescriptor, void *buffer, size_t bytesToRead)</div></pre></div><div class="mt-2"><div class="mt-2.5 flex items-center justify-center"><span data-testid="caption-text" class="flex focus:outline-none rounded bg-gray-L50 text-black dark:bg-gray-D1400 dark:text-gray-D200 px-5 py-1 text-center font-normal ">read() function syntax</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="viewer-component-PBgdizTLnvczgbSnDhBYA" class="mt-5 "><div class="clear-both relative"><div><div><div tabindex="0" style="outline:none"><div><div class=""><div id="widget-parent-PBgdizTLnvczgbSnDhBYA __className_95156b __variable_95156b" class=""><div class="h-auto w-full whitespace-normal after:clear-both after:table after:content-none markdown-container-div"><div class="markdownViewer select-text markdown-default markdown-table markdown-viewer markdown-viewer-slate markdown-viewer-heading" role="none"><p id="PBgdizTLnvczgbSnDhBYA">It takes in three arguments which are described below:</p><ol id="dai4eKAy6WjjK3UJvGCGC" start="undefined"><li id="UUpAXuWR3W00aQe8hqZZP"><p><strong><code>fileDescriptor</code></strong><strong>: </strong>We need to provide the function with an integer file descriptor for the opened file, which the <code>open()</code> function returns when opening a file.</p></li><li id="RsSmOlIZh6ggEH5Lia5By"><p><strong><code>buffer</code></strong><strong>: </strong>This pointer points to a buffer where data that is read will be stored. </p></li><li id="1DiWv1wjZff4qCgq2ACXK"><p><strong><code>bytesToRead</code></strong><strong>:</strong> Here, we provide an unsigned integer variable that specifies the maximum number of bytes we want to read from the file.</p></li></ol><p id="D1kcwQ6dog870Hnz1sFeN">The function, when executed, returns an integer value that refers to the number of bytes read. </p><blockquote id="geFgCciMaz0nChkFTvB1b"><p><strong>Note:</strong> To avoid buffer overflow, the max value of the <code>bytesToRead</code> variable should not exceed the size of the <code>buffer</code> variable. </p></blockquote><p id="CNo5h7sR7DxhS09LC7cYu"/><h3 id="cv_478tCW48sUMxrzDM1W">Program to read a file</h3><p id="9qmpU4ovsSnnmYWoKmoux">Below, we can see a C program that uses the <code>read()</code> function to read the contents of the file <code>hello.txt</code>.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="viewer-component-BRhYUUaKtGJAXCpBkCSyM" class="mt-5 "><div class="clear-both relative"><div><div><div tabindex="0" style="outline:none"><div><div class=""><div id="widget-parent-BRhYUUaKtGJAXCpBkCSyM __className_95156b __variable_95156b" class=""><span class="notranslate h-full w-full"><div data-clarity-mask="true"><pre class="dark:border-gray-D1100" style="height:600px;background:#1e1e1e;color:#e9e9e9">Hello Educative User &lt;3</pre><div style="height:92px"/><div class="mt-2.5 flex items-center justify-center"><span data-testid="caption-text" class="flex focus:outline-none rounded bg-gray-L50 text-black dark:bg-gray-D1400 dark:text-gray-D200 px-5 py-1 text-center font-normal ">C program to read hello.txt file</span></div></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="viewer-component-tl9zOnrEndx8EcdMjozJm" class="mt-5 "><div class="clear-both relative"><div><div><div tabindex="0" style="outline:none"><div><div class=""><div id="widget-parent-tl9zOnrEndx8EcdMjozJm __className_95156b __variable_95156b" class=""><div class="h-auto w-full whitespace-normal after:clear-both after:table after:content-none markdown-container-div"><div class="markdownViewer select-text markdown-default markdown-table markdown-viewer markdown-viewer-slate markdown-viewer-heading" role="none"><h3 id="tl9zOnrEndx8EcdMjozJm">Code explanation</h3><p id="yiqUPUMlaVa1LNj1c3EbM">Below, we can see a line-by-line breakdown of the above code.</p><ul id="6jmO38S75qjIc2azElIOo"><li id="HH6f9OrDAMO51OzRA_nN-"><p><strong>Lines 1–4: </strong>We import the required libraries.</p></li><li id="Ge90qZGExHL_9miRMTVi_"><p><strong>Line 8: </strong>A <code>char</code> pointer is created that stores the file name to be opened. </p></li><li id="bDjLk-o36M_Ob1cKXGQwo"><p><strong>Line 10:</strong> We call the <code>open()</code> function to open the file. We pass two arguments, <code>fileName</code> and <code>O_RDWR</code>, to open the file in read and write mode. It will return an integer variable representing the file descriptor which we will store in a variable named <code>fd</code>.</p></li><li id="TAzTvfMAp1pFQGzPbwJhP"><p><strong>Lines 12–18: </strong>Here, we check if the file opened correctly. If it does not, we prompt the user and exit the program with an exit status of <code>1</code>. Otherwise, we print a success message and continue. </p></li><li id="S75BIaKvrvPW6uI8s2hK_"><p><strong>Line 20: </strong>We create a <code>char</code> array of size <code>1024</code> bytes called <code>buffer</code> that will store the file's contents. </p></li><li id="6lxG_3PfspAAXEB4wnzRa"><p><strong>Line 22: </strong>We call the <code>read()</code> function to read the file's content. We pass three arguments: the file descriptor <code>fd</code>, the char array <code>buffer</code>, and the maximum number of bytes to read <code>sizeof(buf)</code>. The function will return the number of bytes it read from the file, which we will store in an integer variable named <code>bytesRead</code>.</p></li><li id="3RbZ1EDnQdFlr4_Ti_gy-"><p><strong>Lines 24–25: </strong>Now, we will print the number of bytes that were read and the file's content by displaying the values inside the <code>buffer</code> and the <code>bytesRead</code> variables. </p></li></ul><h3 id="PEhcn08DsXKA7-QEkgg0s">Coding exercise</h3><p id="NljhMoCoMvjDPWZurXKPd">Now we understand how to read a file's data using the <code>read()</code> function. We will now try to complete the coding challenge below.</p><h4 id="Knk4E8OhUyNsj2-sERc3B">Challenge</h4><p id="eEl9wCK5DQiJZNW8caW-P">We have a text file named <code>sample.txt</code> with the content "The harder you work, the better you get." </p><p id="3mvySBhnpmCWBB2dk4S8G">We want to retrieve the first 15 characters from the files and display them in the console. </p><p id="Pp5kX5lamV1do1vRgM3gc">Complete the <code>read()</code> function below to display "The harder you" onto the console<em>,</em> which are the first 15 bytes of the file's content.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="viewer-component-qr5Suy4koqvAAZDTvW4_r" class="mt-5 "><div class="clear-both relative"><div><div><div tabindex="0" style="outline:none"><div><div class=""><div id="widget-parent-qr5Suy4koqvAAZDTvW4_r __className_95156b __variable_95156b" class=""><span class="notranslate h-full w-full"><div data-clarity-mask="true"><pre class="dark:border-gray-D1100" style="height:600px;background:#1e1e1e;color:#e9e9e9">The harder you work, the better you get.</pre><div style="height:92px"/><div class="mt-2.5 flex items-center justify-center"><span data-testid="caption-text" class="flex focus:outline-none rounded bg-gray-L50 text-black dark:bg-gray-D1400 dark:text-gray-D200 px-5 py-1 text-center font-normal ">C coding challenge</span></div></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="viewer-component-9W0ubkvd53ht-kb4SLdLU" class="mt-5 "><div class="clear-both relative"><div><div><div tabindex="0" style="outline:none"><div><div class=""><div id="widget-parent-9W0ubkvd53ht-kb4SLdLU __className_95156b __variable_95156b" class=""><div class="flex flex-col justify-center items-center transition-all duration-200 p-5 border border-solid border-transparent"><button class="outlined-default m-0 whitespace-normal"><svg width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 31 31" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-left fill-current"><g 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