Referential actions

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标签化管理网页链接

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class="title"><img src="https://prismalens.vercel.app/header/prisma-logo.svg"/><span class="link-title">Prisma <br/>Playground</span></div><img src="https://prismalens.vercel.app/header/playground.svg" class="logo"/></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="item"><a class="sc-dmRaPn sc-kgflAQ hDMqQd jjqviM has-dropdown">Use Cases<svg name="chevron-down" lens-role="icon" width="24" height="24" class="flex-grow-0 flex-shrink-0 item-chevron" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><use xlink:href="/feather-icons.svg#chevron-down"/></svg></a><div class="panel-outer undefined"><div class="panel-inner"><div class="panel-spacer"><div width="441" class="sc-ftvSup fWRzcd"><a color="indigo" href="/showcase" class="sc-breuTD cFbHCg"><div class="link-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="far" data-icon="comment-quote" class="svg-inline--fa fa-comment-quote sc-fLlhyt lcArFX" role="img" 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418.7 311 431.8 330.6C432.1 332.4 434.1 334.2 435.2 336C443.3 350.1 448 366.5 448 384C448 401.7 433.7 416 416 416H224C206.3 416 192 401.7 192 384C192 366.5 196.7 350.1 204.8 336C217.8 313.7 239.4 297 265.1 290.7C266.2 290.5 267.3 290.2 268.4 290zM397.3 368C390.7 349.4 372.9 336 352 336H288C267.1 336 249.3 349.4 242.7 368H397.3zM248 184C248 144.2 280.2 112 320 112C359.8 112 392 144.2 392 184C392 206.9 381.3 227.4 364.6 240.5C360.7 243.6 356.5 246.3 352 248.5C342.4 253.3 331.5 256 320 256C308.5 256 297.6 253.3 288 248.5C283.5 246.3 279.3 243.6 275.4 240.5C258.7 227.4 248 206.9 248 184V184zM320 208C333.3 208 344 197.3 344 184C344 170.7 333.3 160 320 160C306.7 160 296 170.7 296 184C296 197.3 306.7 208 320 208zM223.8 176C223.8 202.5 202.3 224 175.8 224C149.3 224 127.8 202.5 127.8 176C127.8 149.5 149.3 128 175.8 128C202.3 128 223.8 149.5 223.8 176zM96 309.3C96 279.9 119.9 256 149.3 256H218.7C228.4 256 237.6 258.6 245.5 263.2C210.8 275.4 183 302.1 169.3 336H122.7C107.9 336 96 324.1 96 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296C177.5 296 168 305.5 168 317.3C168 322.9 170.2 328.3 174.2 332.3L216.1 375C226.3 384.4 226.3 399.6 216.1 408.1C207.6 418.3 192.4 418.3 183 408.1L124.3 350.3C106.2 332.1 96 307.5 96 281.9V136C96 122.7 85.25 112 72 112C58.75 112 48 122.7 48 136V352.2C48 371.3 55.59 389.6 69.09 403.1L136.1 471C146.3 480.4 146.3 495.6 136.1 504.1C127.6 514.3 112.4 514.3 103 504.1L35.15 437.1C12.64 414.6 0 384.1 0 352.2V136C0 96.24 32.24 64 72 64C111.8 64 144 96.24 144 136L144 264.8z"/></svg></div><div><div class="sc-ksZaOG bAtKBi link-title">Causes<svg fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2.5" width="18" height="18" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><use xlink:href="/feather-icons.svg#arrow-up-right"/></svg></div></div></a></div><div class="sc-bjUoiL kFMzsw"/><div class="articles"><h4 class="sc-kDDrLX sc-iqcoie ckHlkp kKhVMx">Latest from the blog</h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="header-cta-container hidden-on-mobile"><a 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class="header__DocsMobileButton-sc-1w16195-3 iCsnPT">Docs<svg width="14" height="8" viewbox="0 0 14 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1 1L7 7L13 1" stroke="#718096" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg></div></div></div><div class="layout__Wrapper-sc-bupt9j-0 hdlNqm"><div class="layout__Container-sc-bupt9j-4 eRpAkW"><div><section id="sidebar-holder" class="layout__NotMobile-sc-bupt9j-3 bsngme"><aside class="sidebar__SidebarContainer-sc-u94sja-0 frCnUw"><div id="sidebar-container" class="sidebar__Sidebar-sc-u94sja-1 dmeBJu"><ul class="sidebar__List-sc-u94sja-2 isGzdo"><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd "><ul class="treeNode__List-sc-a5dz51-0 btdKRc"><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd top-level "><a class="active-item" id="/docs/concepts"><span class="">Concepts</span></a><ul class="treeNode__List-sc-a5dz51-0 btdKRc"><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd static-link "><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/overview"><span class="">Overview</span></a><ul class="treeNode__List-sc-a5dz51-0 btdKRc"><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/overview/what-is-prisma" href="/docs/concepts/overview/what-is-prisma"><span class="collapse-title"><button aria-label="collapse" class="item-collapser"><svg width="5" height="8" viewbox="0 0 5 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="right close"><path d="M0 0.724246C0 0.111374 0.681914 -0.223425 1.13107 0.168926L4.66916 3.25957C5.11028 3.6449 5.11028 4.3551 4.66916 4.74043L1.13107 7.83107C0.681913 8.22342 0 7.88863 0 7.27575V0.724246Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg><svg width="8" height="6" viewbox="0 0 8 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="down close"><path d="M7.27575 0.5C7.88863 0.5 8.22342 1.18191 7.83107 1.63107L4.74043 5.16916C4.3551 5.61028 3.6449 5.61028 3.25957 5.16916L0.168926 1.63107C-0.223425 1.18191 0.111375 0.5 0.724247 0.5L7.27575 0.5Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg></button><span class="">What is Prisma?</span></span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/overview/why-prisma" href="/docs/concepts/overview/why-prisma"><span class="">Why Prisma?</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/overview/should-you-use-prisma" href="/docs/concepts/overview/should-you-use-prisma"><span class="">Should you use Prisma?</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/overview/prisma-in-your-stack" href="/docs/concepts/overview/prisma-in-your-stack"><span class="collapse-title"><button aria-label="collapse" class="item-collapser"><svg width="5" height="8" viewbox="0 0 5 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="right close"><path d="M0 0.724246C0 0.111374 0.681914 -0.223425 1.13107 0.168926L4.66916 3.25957C5.11028 3.6449 5.11028 4.3551 4.66916 4.74043L1.13107 7.83107C0.681913 8.22342 0 7.88863 0 7.27575V0.724246Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg><svg width="8" height="6" viewbox="0 0 8 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="down close"><path d="M7.27575 0.5C7.88863 0.5 8.22342 1.18191 7.83107 1.63107L4.74043 5.16916C4.3551 5.61028 3.6449 5.61028 3.25957 5.16916L0.168926 1.63107C-0.223425 1.18191 0.111375 0.5 0.724247 0.5L7.27575 0.5Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg></button><span class="">Prisma in your stack</span></span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd static-link more-padding"/></ul></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd static-link "><a class="active-item" id="/docs/concepts/components"><span class="">Components</span></a><ul class="treeNode__List-sc-a5dz51-0 btdKRc"><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="active-item" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema"><span class="collapse-title"><button aria-label="collapse" class="item-collapser"><svg width="5" height="8" viewbox="0 0 5 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="right close"><path d="M0 0.724246C0 0.111374 0.681914 -0.223425 1.13107 0.168926L4.66916 3.25957C5.11028 3.6449 5.11028 4.3551 4.66916 4.74043L1.13107 7.83107C0.681913 8.22342 0 7.88863 0 7.27575V0.724246Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg><svg width="8" height="6" viewbox="0 0 8 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="down close"><path d="M7.27575 0.5C7.88863 0.5 8.22342 1.18191 7.83107 1.63107L4.74043 5.16916C4.3551 5.61028 3.6449 5.61028 3.25957 5.16916L0.168926 1.63107C-0.223425 1.18191 0.111375 0.5 0.724247 0.5L7.27575 0.5Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg></button><span class="">Prisma schema</span></span></a><ul class="treeNode__List-sc-a5dz51-0 btdKRc has-border"><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/data-sources" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/data-sources"><span class="">Data sources</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/generators" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/generators"><span class="">Generators</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/data-model" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/data-model"><span class="">Data model</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/names-in-underlying-database" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/names-in-underlying-database"><span class="">Names in the underlying database</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/features-without-psl-equivalent" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/features-without-psl-equivalent"><span class="">Supporting features without a PSL equivalent</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="active-item" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations"><span class="collapse-title"><button aria-label="collapse" class="item-collapser"><svg width="5" height="8" viewbox="0 0 5 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="right close"><path d="M0 0.724246C0 0.111374 0.681914 -0.223425 1.13107 0.168926L4.66916 3.25957C5.11028 3.6449 5.11028 4.3551 4.66916 4.74043L1.13107 7.83107C0.681913 8.22342 0 7.88863 0 7.27575V0.724246Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg><svg width="8" height="6" viewbox="0 0 8 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="down close"><path d="M7.27575 0.5C7.88863 0.5 8.22342 1.18191 7.83107 1.63107L4.74043 5.16916C4.3551 5.61028 3.6449 5.61028 3.25957 5.16916L0.168926 1.63107C-0.223425 1.18191 0.111375 0.5 0.724247 0.5L7.27575 0.5Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg></button><span class="">Relations</span></span></a><ul class="treeNode__List-sc-a5dz51-0 btdKRc has-border"><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/one-to-one-relations" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/one-to-one-relations"><span class="">One-to-one relations</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/one-to-many-relations" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/one-to-many-relations"><span class="">One-to-many relations</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/many-to-many-relations" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/many-to-many-relations"><span class="">Many-to-many relations</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/self-relations" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/self-relations"><span class="">Self-relations</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a aria-current="page" class="active-item active-item" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/referential-actions" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/referential-actions"><span class="collapse-title"><button aria-label="collapse" class="item-collapser"><svg width="5" height="8" viewbox="0 0 5 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="right close"><path d="M0 0.724246C0 0.111374 0.681914 -0.223425 1.13107 0.168926L4.66916 3.25957C5.11028 3.6449 5.11028 4.3551 4.66916 4.74043L1.13107 7.83107C0.681913 8.22342 0 7.88863 0 7.27575V0.724246Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg><svg width="8" height="6" viewbox="0 0 8 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="down close"><path d="M7.27575 0.5C7.88863 0.5 8.22342 1.18191 7.83107 1.63107L4.74043 5.16916C4.3551 5.61028 3.6449 5.61028 3.25957 5.16916L0.168926 1.63107C-0.223425 1.18191 0.111375 0.5 0.724247 0.5L7.27575 0.5Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg></button><span class="">Referential actions</span></span></a><ul class="treeNode__List-sc-a5dz51-0 btdKRc has-border"><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/referential-actions/special-rules-for-referential-actions" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/referential-actions/special-rules-for-referential-actions"><span class="">Special rules for referential actions in SQL Server and MongoDB</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"/></ul></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/relation-mode" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/relation-mode"><span class="">Relation mode</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/troubleshooting-relations" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/troubleshooting-relations"><span class="">Troubleshooting relations</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"/></ul></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/views" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/views"><span class="">Views</span><span class="tag small">Preview</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/indexes" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/indexes"><span class="">Indexes</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/postgresql-extensions" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/postgresql-extensions"><span class="">PostgreSQL extensions</span><span class="tag small">Preview</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd last-level more-padding"/></ul></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-client" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-client"><span class="collapse-title"><button aria-label="collapse" class="item-collapser"><svg width="5" height="8" viewbox="0 0 5 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="right close"><path d="M0 0.724246C0 0.111374 0.681914 -0.223425 1.13107 0.168926L4.66916 3.25957C5.11028 3.6449 5.11028 4.3551 4.66916 4.74043L1.13107 7.83107C0.681913 8.22342 0 7.88863 0 7.27575V0.724246Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg><svg width="8" height="6" viewbox="0 0 8 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="down close"><path d="M7.27575 0.5C7.88863 0.5 8.22342 1.18191 7.83107 1.63107L4.74043 5.16916C4.3551 5.61028 3.6449 5.61028 3.25957 5.16916L0.168926 1.63107C-0.223425 1.18191 0.111375 0.5 0.724247 0.5L7.27575 0.5Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg></button><span class="">Prisma Client</span></span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-migrate" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-migrate"><span class="collapse-title"><button aria-label="collapse" class="item-collapser"><svg width="5" height="8" viewbox="0 0 5 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="right close"><path d="M0 0.724246C0 0.111374 0.681914 -0.223425 1.13107 0.168926L4.66916 3.25957C5.11028 3.6449 5.11028 4.3551 4.66916 4.74043L1.13107 7.83107C0.681913 8.22342 0 7.88863 0 7.27575V0.724246Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg><svg width="8" height="6" viewbox="0 0 8 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="down close"><path d="M7.27575 0.5C7.88863 0.5 8.22342 1.18191 7.83107 1.63107L4.74043 5.16916C4.3551 5.61028 3.6449 5.61028 3.25957 5.16916L0.168926 1.63107C-0.223425 1.18191 0.111375 0.5 0.724247 0.5L7.27575 0.5Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg></button><span class="">Prisma Migrate</span></span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/introspection" href="/docs/concepts/components/introspection"><span class="">Introspection</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-cli" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-cli"><span class="collapse-title"><button aria-label="collapse" class="item-collapser"><svg width="5" height="8" viewbox="0 0 5 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="right close"><path d="M0 0.724246C0 0.111374 0.681914 -0.223425 1.13107 0.168926L4.66916 3.25957C5.11028 3.6449 5.11028 4.3551 4.66916 4.74043L1.13107 7.83107C0.681913 8.22342 0 7.88863 0 7.27575V0.724246Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg><svg width="8" height="6" viewbox="0 0 8 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="down close"><path d="M7.27575 0.5C7.88863 0.5 8.22342 1.18191 7.83107 1.63107L4.74043 5.16916C4.3551 5.61028 3.6449 5.61028 3.25957 5.16916L0.168926 1.63107C-0.223425 1.18191 0.111375 0.5 0.724247 0.5L7.27575 0.5Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg></button><span class="">Prisma CLI</span></span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-studio" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-studio"><span class="">Prisma Studio</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-engines" href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-engines"><span class="collapse-title"><button aria-label="collapse" class="item-collapser"><svg width="5" height="8" viewbox="0 0 5 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="right close"><path d="M0 0.724246C0 0.111374 0.681914 -0.223425 1.13107 0.168926L4.66916 3.25957C5.11028 3.6449 5.11028 4.3551 4.66916 4.74043L1.13107 7.83107C0.681913 8.22342 0 7.88863 0 7.27575V0.724246Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg><svg width="8" height="6" viewbox="0 0 8 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="down close"><path d="M7.27575 0.5C7.88863 0.5 8.22342 1.18191 7.83107 1.63107L4.74043 5.16916C4.3551 5.61028 3.6449 5.61028 3.25957 5.16916L0.168926 1.63107C-0.223425 1.18191 0.111375 0.5 0.724247 0.5L7.27575 0.5Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg></button><span class="">Prisma engines</span></span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/components/preview-features" href="/docs/concepts/components/preview-features"><span class="collapse-title"><button aria-label="collapse" class="item-collapser"><svg width="5" height="8" viewbox="0 0 5 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="right close"><path d="M0 0.724246C0 0.111374 0.681914 -0.223425 1.13107 0.168926L4.66916 3.25957C5.11028 3.6449 5.11028 4.3551 4.66916 4.74043L1.13107 7.83107C0.681913 8.22342 0 7.88863 0 7.27575V0.724246Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg><svg width="8" height="6" viewbox="0 0 8 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="down close"><path d="M7.27575 0.5C7.88863 0.5 8.22342 1.18191 7.83107 1.63107L4.74043 5.16916C4.3551 5.61028 3.6449 5.61028 3.25957 5.16916L0.168926 1.63107C-0.223425 1.18191 0.111375 0.5 0.724247 0.5L7.27575 0.5Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg></button><span class="">Preview features</span></span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd static-link more-padding"/></ul></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd static-link "><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/database-connectors"><span class="">Database connectors</span></a><ul class="treeNode__List-sc-a5dz51-0 btdKRc"><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/database-connectors/postgresql" href="/docs/concepts/database-connectors/postgresql"><span class="">PostgreSQL</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/database-connectors/mysql" href="/docs/concepts/database-connectors/mysql"><span class="">MySQL</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/database-connectors/sqlite" href="/docs/concepts/database-connectors/sqlite"><span class="">SQLite</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/database-connectors/mongodb" href="/docs/concepts/database-connectors/mongodb"><span class="">MongoDB</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/database-connectors/cockroachdb" href="/docs/concepts/database-connectors/cockroachdb"><span class="">CockroachDB</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/database-connectors/sql-server" href="/docs/concepts/database-connectors/sql-server"><span class="collapse-title"><button aria-label="collapse" class="item-collapser"><svg width="5" height="8" viewbox="0 0 5 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="right close"><path d="M0 0.724246C0 0.111374 0.681914 -0.223425 1.13107 0.168926L4.66916 3.25957C5.11028 3.6449 5.11028 4.3551 4.66916 4.74043L1.13107 7.83107C0.681913 8.22342 0 7.88863 0 7.27575V0.724246Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg><svg width="8" height="6" viewbox="0 0 8 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="down close"><path d="M7.27575 0.5C7.88863 0.5 8.22342 1.18191 7.83107 1.63107L4.74043 5.16916C4.3551 5.61028 3.6449 5.61028 3.25957 5.16916L0.168926 1.63107C-0.223425 1.18191 0.111375 0.5 0.724247 0.5L7.27575 0.5Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg></button><span class="">Microsoft SQL Server</span></span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd static-link more-padding"/></ul></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd static-link "><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/more"><span class="">More</span></a><ul class="treeNode__List-sc-a5dz51-0 btdKRc"><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/more/telemetry" href="/docs/concepts/more/telemetry"><span class="">Telemetry</span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd more-padding"><a class="non-active" id="/docs/concepts/more/comparisons" href="/docs/concepts/more/comparisons"><span class="collapse-title"><button aria-label="collapse" class="item-collapser"><svg width="5" height="8" viewbox="0 0 5 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="right close"><path d="M0 0.724246C0 0.111374 0.681914 -0.223425 1.13107 0.168926L4.66916 3.25957C5.11028 3.6449 5.11028 4.3551 4.66916 4.74043L1.13107 7.83107C0.681913 8.22342 0 7.88863 0 7.27575V0.724246Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg><svg width="8" height="6" viewbox="0 0 8 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="down close"><path d="M7.27575 0.5C7.88863 0.5 8.22342 1.18191 7.83107 1.63107L4.74043 5.16916C4.3551 5.61028 3.6449 5.61028 3.25957 5.16916L0.168926 1.63107C-0.223425 1.18191 0.111375 0.5 0.724247 0.5L7.27575 0.5Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg></button><span class="">Comparing Prisma</span></span></a></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd static-link more-padding"/></ul></li><li class="treeNode__ListItem-sc-a5dz51-1 jVyuJd top-level "/></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></aside></section></div><article class="layout__Content-sc-bupt9j-1 kgCJAK"><div class="layout__MaxWidth-sc-bupt9j-2 gGGkRx"><section class="top-section"><div class="topSection__TopSectionWrapper-sc-d3j04s-0 eobxJN"><div class="topSection__Header-sc-d3j04s-1 mBQum"><div class="title"><div class="parentTitleComp__BreadcrumbTitle-sc-f3mbxz-0 bTZEks"><span><a href="/docs/concepts"><span class="">Concepts</span></a> / </span><span><a href="/docs/concepts/components"><span class="">Components</span></a> / </span><span><a href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema"><span class="">Prisma schema</span></a> / </span><span><a href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations"><span class="">Relations</span></a></span></div><h1 class="topSection__MainTitle-sc-d3j04s-2 cOIGMt">Referential actions</h1></div><div class="tech-switch-block"/></div></div></section><section><p class="paragraph">Referential actions determine what happens to a record when your application deletes or updates a related record.</p><p class="paragraph">From version 2.26.0, you can define referential actions on the relation fields in your Prisma schema. This allows you to define referential actions like cascading deletes and cascading updates at a Prisma level.</p><span type="info" class="admonition__AdmonitionWrapper-sc-htoeam-2 kEPLyH"><div class="admonition__FlexContainer-sc-htoeam-0 jaIKZT"><div class="admonition__ChildContainer-sc-htoeam-1 cviBXA"><strong>Version differences</strong></div><div class="admonition__ChildContainer-sc-htoeam-1 cviBXA"><li>If you use version 3.0.1 or later, you can use referential actions as described on this page.</li><li>If you use a version between 2.26.0 and 3.0.0, you can use referential actions as described on this page, but you must <a href="/docs/concepts/components/preview-features/client-preview-features#enabling-a-prisma-client-preview-feature">enable the preview feature flag</a> <code class="inline-code">referentialActions</code>.</li><li>If you use version 2.25.0 or earlier, you can configure cascading deletes manually in your database.</li></div></div></span><p class="paragraph">In the following example, adding <code class="inline-code">onDelete: Cascade</code> to the <code class="inline-code">author</code> field on the <code class="inline-code">Post</code> model means that deleting the <code class="inline-code">User</code> record will also delete all related <code class="inline-code">Post</code> records.</p><pre><div class="code__CodeWrapper-sc-8eixcc-0 gMcijM codeWrapperDiv"><div class="file"><span class="fileWithIcon__FileNameWrapper-sc-13l4knb-0 jLYujF"><svg width="12" height="15" viewbox="0 0 12 15" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.625 1.99609H2.25C1.91848 1.99609 1.60054 2.12252 1.36612 2.34757C1.1317 2.57261 1 2.87783 1 3.19609V12.7961C1 13.1144 1.1317 13.4196 1.36612 13.6446C1.60054 13.8697 1.91848 13.9961 2.25 13.9961H9.75C10.0815 13.9961 10.3995 13.8697 10.6339 13.6446C10.8683 13.4196 11 13.1144 11 12.7961V6.19609L6.625 1.99609Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M5 1.99609V7.99609H11" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg>schema.prisma</span></div><div class="gatsby-highlight pre-highlight"><pre class="code__Pre-sc-8eixcc-2 sHeXY prism-code language-prisma " style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="code__AbsoluteCopyButton-sc-8eixcc-1 fpfsPR copy-button"><div class="copy__CopyComponent-sc-eodafv-0 BkNgj"><svg width="25" height="24" viewbox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect x="0.5" width="24" height="24" rx="4" fill="#EDF2F7"/><path d="M15.5001 6.40002H17.0002C17.398 6.40002 17.7795 6.54752 18.0608 6.81007C18.3422 7.07263 18.5002 7.42872 18.5002 7.80002V17.6C18.5002 17.9713 18.3422 18.3274 18.0608 18.59C17.7795 18.8525 17.398 19 17.0002 19H8.00002C7.60219 19 7.22066 18.8525 6.93935 18.59C6.65804 18.3274 6.5 17.9713 6.5 17.6V7.80002C6.5 7.42872 6.65804 7.07263 6.93935 6.81007C7.22066 6.54752 7.60219 6.40002 8.00002 6.40002H9.50005" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M14.75 5H10.25C9.83579 5 9.5 5.33579 9.5 5.75V7.25C9.5 7.66421 9.83579 8 10.25 8H14.75C15.1642 8 15.5 7.66421 15.5 7.25V5.75C15.5 5.33579 15.1642 5 14.75 5Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg></div></div><code><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">1</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">2</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">3</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> title</span><span class="token type-class-name"> String</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:var(--code-highlight-bg-color);symb-color:var(--code-highlight-color)"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no" style="color:var(--code-highlight-color)">4</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> author</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@relation</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token type-args">fields:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">authorId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">references:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onDelete:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Cascade</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">5</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> authorId</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">6</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">7</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">8</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">9</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">10</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> posts</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">11</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div></code></pre></div></div></pre><p class="paragraph">If you do not specify a referential action, Prisma <a href="#referential-action-defaults">uses a default</a>.</p></section><span type="alert" class="admonition__AdmonitionWrapper-sc-htoeam-2 iZdAlS"><span class="alert-circle"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="white" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"/><line x1="12" y1="8" x2="12" y2="12"/><line x1="12" y1="16" x2="12.01" y2="16"/></svg></span><p class="paragraph">If you upgrade from a version earlier than 2.26.0: It is extremely important that you check the <a href="/docs/guides/upgrade-guides/upgrading-versions/upgrading-to-prisma-3/referential-actions">upgrade paths for referential actions</a> section. Prisma support of referential actions <strong>removes the safety net in Prisma Client that prevents cascading deletes at runtime</strong>. If you use the feature <em>without upgrading your database</em>, the <a href="/docs/guides/upgrade-guides/upgrading-versions/upgrading-to-prisma-3/referential-actions#prisma-2x-default-referential-actions">old default action</a> - <code class="inline-code">ON DELETE CASCADE</code> - becomes active. This might result in cascading deletes that you did not expect.</p></span><section><h2 id="what-are-referential-actions" style="position:relative"><a href="#what-are-referential-actions" aria-label="what are referential actions permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>What are referential actions?</h2><p class="paragraph">Referential actions are policies that define how a referenced record is handled by the database when you run an <a href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-client/crud#update"><code class="inline-code">update</code></a> or <a href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-client/crud#delete"><code class="inline-code">delete</code></a> query.</p><div class="collapsible__Wrapper-sc-atw4gb-0 eOVlNr"><div class="collapsible__Tab-sc-atw4gb-1 iRNoIX"><input type="checkbox" id="tab-126" name="tab" class="collapsible__Input-sc-atw4gb-4 cvYxhA"/><svg width="5" height="8" viewbox="0 0 5 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="collapsible__StyledArrow-sc-atw4gb-5 ctFhqK"><path d="M0 0.724246C0 0.111374 0.681914 -0.223425 1.13107 0.168926L4.66916 3.25957C5.11028 3.6449 5.11028 4.3551 4.66916 4.74043L1.13107 7.83107C0.681913 8.22342 0 7.88863 0 7.27575V0.724246Z" fill="#A0AEC0"/></svg><label for="tab-126" class="collapsible__Label-sc-atw4gb-2 gdBdPv">Referential actions on the database level</label><div class="collapsible__TabContent-sc-atw4gb-3 fbIwbb tab-content"><p class="paragraph">Referential actions are features of foreign key constraints that exist to preserve referential integrity in your database.</p><p class="paragraph">When you define relationships between data models in your Prisma schema, you use <a href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema#relation-fields">relation fields</a>, <strong>which do not exist on the database</strong>, and <a href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/data-model#scalar-fields">scalar fields</a>, <strong>which do exist on the database</strong>. These foreign keys connect the models on the database level.</p><p class="paragraph">Referential integrity states that these foreign keys must reference an existing primary key value in the related database table. In your Prisma schema, this is generally represented by the <code class="inline-code">id</code> field on the related model.</p><p class="paragraph">By default a database will reject any operation that violates the referential integrity, for example, by deleting referenced records.</p></div></div></div><section><h3 id="how-to-use-referential-actions" style="position:relative"><a href="#how-to-use-referential-actions" aria-label="how to use referential actions permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>How to use referential actions</h3><p class="paragraph">Referential actions are defined in the <a href="/docs/reference/api-reference/prisma-schema-reference#relation"><code class="inline-code">@relation</code></a> attribute and map to the actions on the <strong>foreign key constraint</strong> in the underlying database. If you do not specify a referential action, <a href="#referential-action-defaults">Prisma falls back to a default</a>.</p><p class="paragraph">The following model defines a one-to-many relation between <code class="inline-code">User</code> and <code class="inline-code">Post</code> and a many-to-many relation between <code class="inline-code">Post</code> and <code class="inline-code">Tag</code>, with explicitly defined referential actions:</p><pre><div class="code__CodeWrapper-sc-8eixcc-0 gMcijM codeWrapperDiv"><div class="file"><span class="fileWithIcon__FileNameWrapper-sc-13l4knb-0 jLYujF"><svg width="12" height="15" viewbox="0 0 12 15" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.625 1.99609H2.25C1.91848 1.99609 1.60054 2.12252 1.36612 2.34757C1.1317 2.57261 1 2.87783 1 3.19609V12.7961C1 13.1144 1.1317 13.4196 1.36612 13.6446C1.60054 13.8697 1.91848 13.9961 2.25 13.9961H9.75C10.0815 13.9961 10.3995 13.8697 10.6339 13.6446C10.8683 13.4196 11 13.1144 11 12.7961V6.19609L6.625 1.99609Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M5 1.99609V7.99609H11" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg>schema.prisma</span></div><div class="gatsby-highlight pre-highlight"><pre class="code__Pre-sc-8eixcc-2 sHeXY prism-code language-prisma " style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="code__AbsoluteCopyButton-sc-8eixcc-1 fpfsPR copy-button"><div class="copy__CopyComponent-sc-eodafv-0 BkNgj"><svg width="25" height="24" viewbox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect x="0.5" width="24" height="24" rx="4" fill="#EDF2F7"/><path d="M15.5001 6.40002H17.0002C17.398 6.40002 17.7795 6.54752 18.0608 6.81007C18.3422 7.07263 18.5002 7.42872 18.5002 7.80002V17.6C18.5002 17.9713 18.3422 18.3274 18.0608 18.59C17.7795 18.8525 17.398 19 17.0002 19H8.00002C7.60219 19 7.22066 18.8525 6.93935 18.59C6.65804 18.3274 6.5 17.9713 6.5 17.6V7.80002C6.5 7.42872 6.65804 7.07263 6.93935 6.81007C7.22066 6.54752 7.60219 6.40002 8.00002 6.40002H9.50005" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M14.75 5H10.25C9.83579 5 9.5 5.33579 9.5 5.75V7.25C9.5 7.66421 9.83579 8 10.25 8H14.75C15.1642 8 15.5 7.66421 15.5 7.25V5.75C15.5 5.33579 15.1642 5 14.75 5Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg></div></div><code><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">1</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">2</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">3</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> posts</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">4</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">5</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">6</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">7</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">8</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> title</span><span class="token type-class-name"> String</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">9</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> tags</span><span class="token type-class-name"> TagOnPosts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token not-class"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:var(--code-highlight-bg-color);symb-color:var(--code-highlight-color)"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no" style="color:var(--code-highlight-color)">10</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token not-class"> User</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@relation</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token type-args">fields:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">userId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">references:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onDelete:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> SetNull</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onUpdate:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Cascade</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">11</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> userId</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">12</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">13</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">14</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> TagOnPosts</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">15</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:var(--code-highlight-bg-color);symb-color:var(--code-highlight-color)"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no" style="color:var(--code-highlight-color)">16</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> post</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@relation</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token type-args">fields:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">postId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">references:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onUpdate:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Cascade</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onDelete:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Cascade</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:var(--code-highlight-bg-color);symb-color:var(--code-highlight-color)"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no" style="color:var(--code-highlight-color)">17</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> tag</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Tag</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@relation</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token type-args">fields:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">tagId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">references:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onUpdate:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Cascade</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onDelete:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Cascade</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">18</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> postId</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">19</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> tagId</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">20</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">21</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">22</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Tag</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">23</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">24</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> name</span><span class="token type-class-name"> String</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@unique</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">25</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> posts</span><span class="token type-class-name"> TagOnPosts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">26</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div></code></pre></div></div></pre><p class="paragraph">This model explicitly defines the following referential actions:</p><ul class="list"><li>If you delete a <code class="inline-code">Tag</code>, the corresponding tag assignment is also deleted in <code class="inline-code">TagOnPosts</code>, using the <code class="inline-code">Cascade</code> referential action</li><li>If you delete a <code class="inline-code">User</code>, the author is removed from all posts by setting the field value to <code class="inline-code">Null</code>, because of the <code class="inline-code">SetNull</code> referential action. To allow this, <code class="inline-code">User</code> and <code class="inline-code">userId</code> must be optional fields in <code class="inline-code">Post</code>.</li></ul><p class="paragraph">Prisma supports the following referential actions:</p><ul class="list"><li><a href="#cascade"><code class="inline-code">Cascade</code></a></li><li><a href="#restrict"><code class="inline-code">Restrict</code></a></li><li><a href="#noaction"><code class="inline-code">NoAction</code></a></li><li><a href="#setnull"><code class="inline-code">SetNull</code></a></li><li><a href="#setdefault"><code class="inline-code">SetDefault</code></a></li></ul></section><section><h3 id="referential-action-defaults" style="position:relative"><a href="#referential-action-defaults" aria-label="referential action defaults permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>Referential action defaults</h3><p class="paragraph">If you do not specify a referential action, Prisma uses the following defaults:</p><div class="table__TableWrapper-sc-18kfzv9-0 dONZdc"><table><thead><tr><th align="left">Clause</th><th align="left">Optional relations</th><th align="left">Mandatory relations</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code class="inline-code">onDelete</code></td><td align="left"><code class="inline-code">SetNull</code></td><td align="left"><code class="inline-code">Restrict</code></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="inline-code">onUpdate</code></td><td align="left"><code class="inline-code">Cascade</code></td><td align="left"><code class="inline-code">Cascade</code></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p class="paragraph">For example, in the following schema all <code class="inline-code">Post</code> records must be connected to a <code class="inline-code">User</code> via the <code class="inline-code">author</code> relation:</p><pre><div class="code__CodeWrapper-sc-8eixcc-0 gMcijM codeWrapperDiv"><div class="gatsby-highlight pre-highlight"><pre class="code__Pre-sc-8eixcc-2 sHeXY prism-code language-prisma " style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="code__AbsoluteCopyButton-sc-8eixcc-1 fpfsPR copy-button"><div class="copy__CopyComponent-sc-eodafv-0 BkNgj"><svg width="25" height="24" viewbox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect x="0.5" width="24" height="24" rx="4" fill="#EDF2F7"/><path d="M15.5001 6.40002H17.0002C17.398 6.40002 17.7795 6.54752 18.0608 6.81007C18.3422 7.07263 18.5002 7.42872 18.5002 7.80002V17.6C18.5002 17.9713 18.3422 18.3274 18.0608 18.59C17.7795 18.8525 17.398 19 17.0002 19H8.00002C7.60219 19 7.22066 18.8525 6.93935 18.59C6.65804 18.3274 6.5 17.9713 6.5 17.6V7.80002C6.5 7.42872 6.65804 7.07263 6.93935 6.81007C7.22066 6.54752 7.60219 6.40002 8.00002 6.40002H9.50005" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M14.75 5H10.25C9.83579 5 9.5 5.33579 9.5 5.75V7.25C9.5 7.66421 9.83579 8 10.25 8H14.75C15.1642 8 15.5 7.66421 15.5 7.25V5.75C15.5 5.33579 15.1642 5 14.75 5Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg></div></div><code><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> title</span><span class="token type-class-name"> String</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:var(--code-highlight-bg-color);symb-color:var(--code-highlight-color)"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> author</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@relation</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token type-args">fields:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">authorId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">references:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> authorId</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> posts</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div></code></pre></div></div></pre><p class="paragraph">The schema does not explicitly define referential actions on the mandatory <code class="inline-code">author</code> relation field, which means that the default referential actions of <code class="inline-code">Restrict</code> for <code class="inline-code">onDelete</code> and <code class="inline-code">Cascade</code> for <code class="inline-code">onUpdate</code> apply.</p></section></section><section><h2 id="caveats" style="position:relative"><a href="#caveats" aria-label="caveats permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>Caveats</h2><p class="paragraph">The following caveats apply:</p><ul class="list"><li>Referential actions are <strong>not</strong> supported on <a href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/many-to-many-relations#implicit-many-to-many-relations">implicit many-to-many relations</a>. To use referential actions, you must define an explicit many-to-many relation and define your referential actions on the <a href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/troubleshooting-relations#how-to-use-a-relation-table-with-a-many-to-many-relationship">join table</a>.</li><li>Certain combinations of referential actions and required/optional relations are incompatible. For example, using <code class="inline-code">SetNull</code> on a required relation will lead to database errors when deleting referenced records because the non-nullable constraint would be violated. See <a href="https://github.com/prisma/prisma/issues/7909">this GitHub issue</a> for more information.</li></ul></section><section><h2 id="types-of-referential-actions" style="position:relative"><a href="#types-of-referential-actions" aria-label="types of referential actions permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>Types of referential actions</h2><p class="paragraph">The following table shows which referential action each database supports.</p><div class="table__TableWrapper-sc-18kfzv9-0 dONZdc"><table><thead><tr><th align="left">Database</th><th align="left">Cascade</th><th align="left">Restrict</th><th align="left">NoAction</th><th align="left">SetNull</th><th align="left">SetDefault</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">PostgreSQL</td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong>⌘</td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td></tr><tr><td align="left">MySQL</td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left">❌ (✔️†)</td></tr><tr><td align="left">SQLite</td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td></tr><tr><td align="left">SQL Server</td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>❌</strong>‡</td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td></tr><tr><td align="left">CockroachDB</td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td></tr><tr><td align="left">MongoDB††</td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>✔️</strong></td><td align="left"><strong>❌</strong></td></tr></tbody></table></div><ul class="list"><li>† See <a href="#mysql">special cases for MySQL</a>.</li><li>⌘ See <a href="#postgresql">special cases for PostgreSQL</a>.</li><li>‡ See <a href="#sql-server">special cases for SQL Server</a>.</li><li>†† Referential actions for MongoDB are available in Prisma versions 3.7.0 and later.</li></ul><section><h3 id="special-cases-for-referential-actions" style="position:relative"><a href="#special-cases-for-referential-actions" aria-label="special cases for referential actions permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>MySQL</h4><p class="paragraph">MySQL, and the underlying InnoDB storage engine, does not support <code class="inline-code">SetDefault</code>. The exact behavior depends on the database version:</p><ul class="list"><li>In MySQL versions 8 and later, and MariaDB versions 10.5 and later, <code class="inline-code">SetDefault</code> effectively acts as an alias for <code class="inline-code">NoAction</code>. You can define tables using the <code class="inline-code">SET DEFAULT</code> referential action, but a foreign key constraint error is triggered at runtime.</li><li>In MySQL versions 5.6 and later, and MariaDB versions before 10.5, attempting to create a table definition with the <code class="inline-code">SET DEFAULT</code> referential action fails with a syntax error.</li></ul><p class="paragraph">For this reason, when you set <code class="inline-code">mysql</code> as the database provider, Prisma warns users to replace <code class="inline-code">SetDefault</code> referential actions in the Prisma schema with another action.</p></section><section><h4 id="postgresql" style="position:relative"><a href="#postgresql" aria-label="postgresql permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>PostgreSQL</h4><p class="paragraph">PostgreSQL is the only database supported by Prisma that allows you to define a <code class="inline-code">SetNull</code> referential action that refers to a non-nullable field. However, this raises a foreign key constraint error when the action is triggered at runtime.</p><p class="paragraph">For this reason, when you set <code class="inline-code">postgres</code> as the database provider in the (default) <code class="inline-code">foreignKeys</code> relation mode, Prisma warns users to mark as optional any fields that are included in a <code class="inline-code">@relation</code> attribute with a <code class="inline-code">SetNull</code> referential action. For all other database providers, Prisma rejects the schema with a validation error.</p></section><section><h4 id="sql-server" style="position:relative"><a href="#sql-server" aria-label="sql server permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>Example usage</h4><pre><div class="code__CodeWrapper-sc-8eixcc-0 gMcijM codeWrapperDiv"><div class="file"><span class="fileWithIcon__FileNameWrapper-sc-13l4knb-0 jLYujF"><svg width="12" height="15" viewbox="0 0 12 15" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.625 1.99609H2.25C1.91848 1.99609 1.60054 2.12252 1.36612 2.34757C1.1317 2.57261 1 2.87783 1 3.19609V12.7961C1 13.1144 1.1317 13.4196 1.36612 13.6446C1.60054 13.8697 1.91848 13.9961 2.25 13.9961H9.75C10.0815 13.9961 10.3995 13.8697 10.6339 13.6446C10.8683 13.4196 11 13.1144 11 12.7961V6.19609L6.625 1.99609Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M5 1.99609V7.99609H11" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg>schema.prisma</span></div><div class="gatsby-highlight pre-highlight"><pre class="code__Pre-sc-8eixcc-2 sHeXY prism-code language-prisma " style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="code__AbsoluteCopyButton-sc-8eixcc-1 fpfsPR copy-button"><div class="copy__CopyComponent-sc-eodafv-0 BkNgj"><svg width="25" height="24" viewbox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect x="0.5" width="24" height="24" rx="4" fill="#EDF2F7"/><path d="M15.5001 6.40002H17.0002C17.398 6.40002 17.7795 6.54752 18.0608 6.81007C18.3422 7.07263 18.5002 7.42872 18.5002 7.80002V17.6C18.5002 17.9713 18.3422 18.3274 18.0608 18.59C17.7795 18.8525 17.398 19 17.0002 19H8.00002C7.60219 19 7.22066 18.8525 6.93935 18.59C6.65804 18.3274 6.5 17.9713 6.5 17.6V7.80002C6.5 7.42872 6.65804 7.07263 6.93935 6.81007C7.22066 6.54752 7.60219 6.40002 8.00002 6.40002H9.50005" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M14.75 5H10.25C9.83579 5 9.5 5.33579 9.5 5.75V7.25C9.5 7.66421 9.83579 8 10.25 8H14.75C15.1642 8 15.5 7.66421 15.5 7.25V5.75C15.5 5.33579 15.1642 5 14.75 5Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg></div></div><code><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">1</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">2</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">3</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> title</span><span class="token type-class-name"> String</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:var(--code-added-bg-color);symb-color:var(--code-added-color)"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no" style="color:var(--code-added-color)">+</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> author</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@relation</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token type-args">fields:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">authorId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">references:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onDelete:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Cascade</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onUpdate:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Cascade</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">5</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> authorId</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">6</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">7</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">8</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">9</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">10</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> posts</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">11</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div></code></pre></div></div></pre><section><h5 id="result-of-using-cascade" style="position:relative"><a href="#result-of-using-cascade" aria-label="result of using cascade permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>Example usage</h4><pre><div class="code__CodeWrapper-sc-8eixcc-0 gMcijM codeWrapperDiv"><div class="file"><span class="fileWithIcon__FileNameWrapper-sc-13l4knb-0 jLYujF"><svg width="12" height="15" viewbox="0 0 12 15" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.625 1.99609H2.25C1.91848 1.99609 1.60054 2.12252 1.36612 2.34757C1.1317 2.57261 1 2.87783 1 3.19609V12.7961C1 13.1144 1.1317 13.4196 1.36612 13.6446C1.60054 13.8697 1.91848 13.9961 2.25 13.9961H9.75C10.0815 13.9961 10.3995 13.8697 10.6339 13.6446C10.8683 13.4196 11 13.1144 11 12.7961V6.19609L6.625 1.99609Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M5 1.99609V7.99609H11" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg>schema.prisma</span></div><div class="gatsby-highlight pre-highlight"><pre class="code__Pre-sc-8eixcc-2 sHeXY prism-code language-prisma " style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="code__AbsoluteCopyButton-sc-8eixcc-1 fpfsPR copy-button"><div class="copy__CopyComponent-sc-eodafv-0 BkNgj"><svg width="25" height="24" viewbox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect x="0.5" width="24" height="24" rx="4" fill="#EDF2F7"/><path d="M15.5001 6.40002H17.0002C17.398 6.40002 17.7795 6.54752 18.0608 6.81007C18.3422 7.07263 18.5002 7.42872 18.5002 7.80002V17.6C18.5002 17.9713 18.3422 18.3274 18.0608 18.59C17.7795 18.8525 17.398 19 17.0002 19H8.00002C7.60219 19 7.22066 18.8525 6.93935 18.59C6.65804 18.3274 6.5 17.9713 6.5 17.6V7.80002C6.5 7.42872 6.65804 7.07263 6.93935 6.81007C7.22066 6.54752 7.60219 6.40002 8.00002 6.40002H9.50005" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M14.75 5H10.25C9.83579 5 9.5 5.33579 9.5 5.75V7.25C9.5 7.66421 9.83579 8 10.25 8H14.75C15.1642 8 15.5 7.66421 15.5 7.25V5.75C15.5 5.33579 15.1642 5 14.75 5Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg></div></div><code><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">1</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">2</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">3</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> title</span><span class="token type-class-name"> String</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:var(--code-added-bg-color);symb-color:var(--code-added-color)"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no" style="color:var(--code-added-color)">+</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> author</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@relation</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token type-args">fields:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">authorId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">references:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onDelete:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Restrict</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onUpdate:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Restrict</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">5</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> authorId</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">6</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">7</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">8</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">9</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">10</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> posts</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">11</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div></code></pre></div></div></pre><section><h5 id="result-of-using-restrict" style="position:relative"><a href="#result-of-using-restrict" aria-label="result of using restrict permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a><inlinecode>NoAction</inlinecode></h3><p class="paragraph">The <code class="inline-code">NoAction</code> action is similar to <code class="inline-code">Restrict</code>, the difference between the two is dependent on the database being used:</p><ul class="list"><li><strong>PostgreSQL</strong>: <code class="inline-code">NoAction</code> allows the check (if a referenced row on the table exists) to be deferred until later in the transaction. See <a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK">the PostgreSQL docs</a> for more information.</li><li><strong>MySQL</strong>: <code class="inline-code">NoAction</code> behaves exactly the same as <code class="inline-code">Restrict</code>. See <a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table-foreign-keys.html#foreign-key-referential-actions">the MySQL docs</a> for more information.</li><li><strong>SQLite</strong>: When a related primary key is modified or deleted, no action is taken. See <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/foreignkeys.html#fk_actions">the SQLite docs</a> for more information.</li><li><strong>SQL Server</strong>: When a referenced record is deleted or modified, an error is raised. See <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/tables/graph-edge-constraints?view=sql-server-ver15#on-delete-referential-actions-on-edge-constraints">the SQL Server docs</a> for more information.</li><li><strong>MongoDB</strong> (in preview from version 3.6.0): When a record is modified or deleted, nothing is done to any related records.</li></ul><span type="warning" class="admonition__AdmonitionWrapper-sc-htoeam-2 FeEGX"><p class="paragraph">If you are <a href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema/relations/relation-mode#emulate-relations-in-prisma-with-the-prisma-relation-mode">managing relations in the Prisma Client</a> rather than using foreign keys in the database, you should be aware that currently Prisma only implements the referential actions. Foreign keys also create constraints, which make it impossible to manipulate data in a way that would violate these constraints: instead of executing the query, the database responds with an error. These constraints will not be created if you emulate referential integrity in the client, so if you set the referential action to <code class="inline-code">NoAction</code> there will be no checks to prevent you from breaking the referential integrity.</p></span><section><h4 id="example-usage-2" style="position:relative"><a href="#example-usage-2" aria-label="example usage 2 permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>Example usage</h4><pre><div class="code__CodeWrapper-sc-8eixcc-0 gMcijM codeWrapperDiv"><div class="file"><span class="fileWithIcon__FileNameWrapper-sc-13l4knb-0 jLYujF"><svg width="12" height="15" viewbox="0 0 12 15" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.625 1.99609H2.25C1.91848 1.99609 1.60054 2.12252 1.36612 2.34757C1.1317 2.57261 1 2.87783 1 3.19609V12.7961C1 13.1144 1.1317 13.4196 1.36612 13.6446C1.60054 13.8697 1.91848 13.9961 2.25 13.9961H9.75C10.0815 13.9961 10.3995 13.8697 10.6339 13.6446C10.8683 13.4196 11 13.1144 11 12.7961V6.19609L6.625 1.99609Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M5 1.99609V7.99609H11" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg>schema.prisma</span></div><div class="gatsby-highlight pre-highlight"><pre class="code__Pre-sc-8eixcc-2 sHeXY prism-code language-prisma " style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="code__AbsoluteCopyButton-sc-8eixcc-1 fpfsPR copy-button"><div class="copy__CopyComponent-sc-eodafv-0 BkNgj"><svg width="25" height="24" viewbox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect x="0.5" width="24" height="24" rx="4" fill="#EDF2F7"/><path d="M15.5001 6.40002H17.0002C17.398 6.40002 17.7795 6.54752 18.0608 6.81007C18.3422 7.07263 18.5002 7.42872 18.5002 7.80002V17.6C18.5002 17.9713 18.3422 18.3274 18.0608 18.59C17.7795 18.8525 17.398 19 17.0002 19H8.00002C7.60219 19 7.22066 18.8525 6.93935 18.59C6.65804 18.3274 6.5 17.9713 6.5 17.6V7.80002C6.5 7.42872 6.65804 7.07263 6.93935 6.81007C7.22066 6.54752 7.60219 6.40002 8.00002 6.40002H9.50005" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M14.75 5H10.25C9.83579 5 9.5 5.33579 9.5 5.75V7.25C9.5 7.66421 9.83579 8 10.25 8H14.75C15.1642 8 15.5 7.66421 15.5 7.25V5.75C15.5 5.33579 15.1642 5 14.75 5Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg></div></div><code><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">1</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">2</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">3</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> title</span><span class="token type-class-name"> String</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:var(--code-added-bg-color);symb-color:var(--code-added-color)"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no" style="color:var(--code-added-color)">+</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> author</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@relation</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token type-args">fields:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">authorId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">references:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onDelete:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> NoAction</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onUpdate:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> NoAction</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">5</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> authorId</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">6</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">7</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">8</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">9</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">10</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> posts</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">11</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div></code></pre></div></div></pre><section><h5 id="result-of-using-noaction" style="position:relative"><a href="#result-of-using-noaction" aria-label="result of using noaction permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a><inlinecode>SetNull</inlinecode></h3><ul class="list"><li><p class="paragraph"><code class="inline-code">onDelete: SetNull</code> The scalar field of the referencing object will be set to <code class="inline-code">NULL</code>.</p></li><li><p class="paragraph"><code class="inline-code">onUpdate: SetNull</code> When updating the identifier of a referenced object, the scalar fields of the referencing objects will be set to <code class="inline-code">NULL</code>.</p></li></ul><p class="paragraph"><code class="inline-code">SetNull</code> will only work on optional relations. On required relations, a runtime error will be thrown since the scalar fields cannot be null.</p><pre><div class="code__CodeWrapper-sc-8eixcc-0 gMcijM codeWrapperDiv"><div class="file"><span class="fileWithIcon__FileNameWrapper-sc-13l4knb-0 jLYujF"><svg width="12" height="15" viewbox="0 0 12 15" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.625 1.99609H2.25C1.91848 1.99609 1.60054 2.12252 1.36612 2.34757C1.1317 2.57261 1 2.87783 1 3.19609V12.7961C1 13.1144 1.1317 13.4196 1.36612 13.6446C1.60054 13.8697 1.91848 13.9961 2.25 13.9961H9.75C10.0815 13.9961 10.3995 13.8697 10.6339 13.6446C10.8683 13.4196 11 13.1144 11 12.7961V6.19609L6.625 1.99609Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M5 1.99609V7.99609H11" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg>schema.prisma</span></div><div class="gatsby-highlight pre-highlight"><pre class="code__Pre-sc-8eixcc-2 sHeXY prism-code language-prisma " style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="code__AbsoluteCopyButton-sc-8eixcc-1 fpfsPR copy-button"><div class="copy__CopyComponent-sc-eodafv-0 BkNgj"><svg width="25" height="24" viewbox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect x="0.5" width="24" height="24" rx="4" fill="#EDF2F7"/><path d="M15.5001 6.40002H17.0002C17.398 6.40002 17.7795 6.54752 18.0608 6.81007C18.3422 7.07263 18.5002 7.42872 18.5002 7.80002V17.6C18.5002 17.9713 18.3422 18.3274 18.0608 18.59C17.7795 18.8525 17.398 19 17.0002 19H8.00002C7.60219 19 7.22066 18.8525 6.93935 18.59C6.65804 18.3274 6.5 17.9713 6.5 17.6V7.80002C6.5 7.42872 6.65804 7.07263 6.93935 6.81007C7.22066 6.54752 7.60219 6.40002 8.00002 6.40002H9.50005" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M14.75 5H10.25C9.83579 5 9.5 5.33579 9.5 5.75V7.25C9.5 7.66421 9.83579 8 10.25 8H14.75C15.1642 8 15.5 7.66421 15.5 7.25V5.75C15.5 5.33579 15.1642 5 14.75 5Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg></div></div><code><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">1</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">2</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">3</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> title</span><span class="token type-class-name"> String</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:var(--code-added-bg-color);symb-color:var(--code-added-color)"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no" style="color:var(--code-added-color)">+</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> author</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@relation</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token type-args">fields:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">authorId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">references:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onDelete:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> SetNull</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onUpdate:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> SetNull</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">5</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> authorId</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">6</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">7</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">8</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">9</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">10</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> posts</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">11</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div></code></pre></div></div></pre><section><h5 id="result-of-using-setnull" style="position:relative"><a href="#result-of-using-setnull" aria-label="result of using setnull permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a><inlinecode>SetDefault</inlinecode></h3><ul class="list"><li><p class="paragraph"><code class="inline-code">onDelete: SetDefault</code> The scalar field of the referencing object will be set to the fields default value.</p></li><li><p class="paragraph"><code class="inline-code">onUpdate: SetDefault</code> The scalar field of the referencing object will be set to the fields default value.</p></li></ul><p class="paragraph">These require setting a default for the relation scalar field with <a href="/docs/reference/api-reference/prisma-schema-reference#default"><code class="inline-code">@default</code></a>. If no defaults are provided for any of the scalar fields, a runtime error will be thrown.</p><pre><div class="code__CodeWrapper-sc-8eixcc-0 gMcijM codeWrapperDiv"><div class="file"><span class="fileWithIcon__FileNameWrapper-sc-13l4knb-0 jLYujF"><svg width="12" height="15" viewbox="0 0 12 15" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.625 1.99609H2.25C1.91848 1.99609 1.60054 2.12252 1.36612 2.34757C1.1317 2.57261 1 2.87783 1 3.19609V12.7961C1 13.1144 1.1317 13.4196 1.36612 13.6446C1.60054 13.8697 1.91848 13.9961 2.25 13.9961H9.75C10.0815 13.9961 10.3995 13.8697 10.6339 13.6446C10.8683 13.4196 11 13.1144 11 12.7961V6.19609L6.625 1.99609Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M5 1.99609V7.99609H11" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg>schema.prisma</span></div><div class="gatsby-highlight pre-highlight"><pre class="code__Pre-sc-8eixcc-2 sHeXY prism-code language-prisma " style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="code__AbsoluteCopyButton-sc-8eixcc-1 fpfsPR copy-button"><div class="copy__CopyComponent-sc-eodafv-0 BkNgj"><svg width="25" height="24" viewbox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect x="0.5" width="24" height="24" rx="4" fill="#EDF2F7"/><path d="M15.5001 6.40002H17.0002C17.398 6.40002 17.7795 6.54752 18.0608 6.81007C18.3422 7.07263 18.5002 7.42872 18.5002 7.80002V17.6C18.5002 17.9713 18.3422 18.3274 18.0608 18.59C17.7795 18.8525 17.398 19 17.0002 19H8.00002C7.60219 19 7.22066 18.8525 6.93935 18.59C6.65804 18.3274 6.5 17.9713 6.5 17.6V7.80002C6.5 7.42872 6.65804 7.07263 6.93935 6.81007C7.22066 6.54752 7.60219 6.40002 8.00002 6.40002H9.50005" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M14.75 5H10.25C9.83579 5 9.5 5.33579 9.5 5.75V7.25C9.5 7.66421 9.83579 8 10.25 8H14.75C15.1642 8 15.5 7.66421 15.5 7.25V5.75C15.5 5.33579 15.1642 5 14.75 5Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg></div></div><code><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">1</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">2</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">3</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> title</span><span class="token type-class-name"> String</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:var(--code-added-bg-color);symb-color:var(--code-added-color)"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no" style="color:var(--code-added-color)">+</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> authorUsername</span><span class="token type-class-name"> String</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"anonymous"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:var(--code-added-bg-color);symb-color:var(--code-added-color)"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no" style="color:var(--code-added-color)">+</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> author</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">?</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@relation</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token type-args">fields:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">authorUsername</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">references:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">username</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onDelete:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> SetDefault</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onUpdate:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> SetDefault</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">6</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">7</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">8</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">9</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> username</span><span class="token type-class-name"> String</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">10</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> posts</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">11</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div></code></pre></div></div></pre><section><h5 id="result-of-using-setdefault" style="position:relative"><a href="#result-of-using-setdefault" aria-label="result of using setdefault permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>Upgrade paths from versions 2.25.0 and earlier</h2><p class="paragraph">There are a couple of paths you can take when upgrading which will give different results depending on the desired outcome.</p><p class="paragraph">If you currently use the migration workflow, you can run an introspection to check how the defaults are reflected in your schema. You can then manually update your database if you need to.</p><p class="paragraph">You can also decide to skip checking the defaults and run a migration to update your database with the <a href="#referential-action-defaults">new default values</a>.</p><p class="paragraph">The following assumes you have upgraded to 2.26.0 or newer and enabled the preview feature flag, or upgraded to 3.0.0 or newer:</p><section><h3 id="using-introspection" style="position:relative"><a href="#using-introspection" aria-label="using introspection permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>Using Introspection</h3><p class="paragraph">If you <a href="/docs/concepts/components/introspection">Introspect</a> your database, the referential actions configured at the database level will be reflected in your Prisma Schema. If you have been using Prisma Migrate or <code class="inline-code">prisma db push</code> to manage the database schema, these are likely to be the <a href="#the-default-referential-actions">default values</a> from 2.25.0 and earlier.</p><p class="paragraph">When you run an Introspection, Prisma compares all the foreign keys in the database with the schema, if the SQL statements <code class="inline-code">ON DELETE</code> and <code class="inline-code">ON UPDATE</code> do <strong>not</strong> match the default values, they will be explicitly set in the schema file.</p><p class="paragraph">After introspecting, you can review the non-default clauses in your schema. The most important clause to review is <code class="inline-code">onDelete</code>, which defaults to <code class="inline-code">Cascade</code> in 2.25.0 and earlier.</p><span type="alert" class="admonition__AdmonitionWrapper-sc-htoeam-2 iZdAlS"><span class="alert-circle"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="white" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"/><line x1="12" y1="8" x2="12" y2="12"/><line x1="12" y1="16" x2="12.01" y2="16"/></svg></span><p class="paragraph">If you are using either the <a href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-client/crud#delete-a-single-record"><code class="inline-code">delete()</code></a> or <a href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-client/crud#delete-all-records"><code class="inline-code">deleteMany()</code></a> methods, <strong><a href="#how-to-use-cascading-deletes">cascading deletes</a> will now be performed</strong> as the <code class="inline-code">referentialActions</code> preview feature <strong>removed the safety net in Prisma Client that previously prevented cascading deletes at runtime</strong>. Be sure to check your code and make any adjustments accordingly.</p></span><p class="paragraph">Make sure you are happy with every case of <code class="inline-code">onDelete: Cascade</code> in your schema. If not, either:</p><ul class="list"><li>Modify your Prisma schema and <code class="inline-code">db push</code> or <code class="inline-code">dev migrate</code> to change the database</li></ul><p class="paragraph"><em>or</em></p><ul class="list"><li>Manually update the underlying database if you use an introspection-only workflow</li></ul><p class="paragraph">The following example would result in a cascading delete, if the <code class="inline-code">User</code> is deleted then all of their <code class="inline-code">Post</code>'s will be deleted too.</p><section><h4 id="a-blog-schema-example" style="position:relative"><a href="#a-blog-schema-example" aria-label="a blog schema example permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>A blog schema example</h4><pre><div class="code__CodeWrapper-sc-8eixcc-0 gMcijM codeWrapperDiv"><div class="gatsby-highlight pre-highlight"><pre class="code__Pre-sc-8eixcc-2 sHeXY prism-code language-prisma " style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="code__AbsoluteCopyButton-sc-8eixcc-1 fpfsPR copy-button"><div class="copy__CopyComponent-sc-eodafv-0 BkNgj"><svg width="25" height="24" viewbox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect x="0.5" width="24" height="24" rx="4" fill="#EDF2F7"/><path d="M15.5001 6.40002H17.0002C17.398 6.40002 17.7795 6.54752 18.0608 6.81007C18.3422 7.07263 18.5002 7.42872 18.5002 7.80002V17.6C18.5002 17.9713 18.3422 18.3274 18.0608 18.59C17.7795 18.8525 17.398 19 17.0002 19H8.00002C7.60219 19 7.22066 18.8525 6.93935 18.59C6.65804 18.3274 6.5 17.9713 6.5 17.6V7.80002C6.5 7.42872 6.65804 7.07263 6.93935 6.81007C7.22066 6.54752 7.60219 6.40002 8.00002 6.40002H9.50005" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M14.75 5H10.25C9.83579 5 9.5 5.33579 9.5 5.75V7.25C9.5 7.66421 9.83579 8 10.25 8H14.75C15.1642 8 15.5 7.66421 15.5 7.25V5.75C15.5 5.33579 15.1642 5 14.75 5Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg></div></div><code><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> title</span><span class="token type-class-name"> String</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:var(--code-added-bg-color);symb-color:var(--code-added-color)"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> author</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@relation</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token type-args">fields:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">authorId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">references:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onDelete:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Cascade</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> authorId</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> posts</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div></code></pre></div></div></pre></section></section><section><h3 id="using-migration" style="position:relative"><a href="#using-migration" aria-label="using migration permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>Using Migration</h3><p class="paragraph">When running a <a href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-migrate">Migration</a> (or the <a href="/docs/concepts/components/prisma-migrate/db-push"><code class="inline-code">prisma db push</code></a> command) the <a href="#referential-action-defaults">new defaults</a> will be applied to your database.</p><span type="info" class="admonition__AdmonitionWrapper-sc-htoeam-2 kEPLyH"><p class="paragraph">Unlike when you run an Introspect for the first time, the new referential actions clause and property, will <strong>not</strong> automatically be added to your prisma schema by the Prisma VSCode extension. You will have to manually add them if you wish to use anything other than the new defaults.</p></span><p class="paragraph">Explicitly defining referential actions in your Prisma schema is optional. If you do not explicitly define a referential action for a relation, Prisma uses the <a href="#referential-action-defaults">new defaults</a>.</p><p class="paragraph">Note that referential actions can be added on a case by case basis. This means that you can add them to one single relation and leave the rest set to the defaults by not manually specifying anything.</p></section><section><h3 id="checking-for-errors" style="position:relative"><a href="#checking-for-errors" aria-label="checking for errors permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>Checking for errors</h3><p class="paragraph"><strong>Before</strong> upgrading to 2.26.0 and enabling the referential actions <strong>preview feature</strong>, Prisma prevented the deletion of records while using <code class="inline-code">delete()</code> or <code class="inline-code">deleteMany()</code> to preserve referential integrity. A custom runtime error would be thrown by the Prisma Client with the error code <code class="inline-code">P2014</code>.</p><p class="paragraph"><strong>After</strong> upgrading and enabling the referential actions <strong>preview feature</strong>, Prisma no longer performs runtime checks. You can instead specify a custom referential action to preserve the referential integrity between relations.</p><p class="paragraph">When you use <a href="#noaction"><code class="inline-code">NoAction</code></a> or <a href="#restrict"><code class="inline-code">Restrict</code></a> to prevent the deletion of records, the error messages will be different post 2.26.0 compared to pre 2.26.0. This is because they are now triggered by the database and <strong>not</strong> the Prisma Client. The new error code that can be expected is <code class="inline-code">P2003</code>.</p><p class="paragraph">To make sure you catch these new errors you can adjust your code accordingly.</p><section><h4 id="example-of-catching-errors" style="position:relative"><a href="#example-of-catching-errors" aria-label="example of catching errors permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> </svg></a>Example of catching errors</h4><p class="paragraph">The following example uses the below blog schema with a one-to-many relationship between <code class="inline-code">Post</code> and <code class="inline-code">User</code> and sets a <a href="#restrict"><code class="inline-code">Restrict</code></a> referential actions on the <code class="inline-code">author</code> field.</p><p class="paragraph">This means that if a user has a post, that user (and their posts) <strong>cannot</strong> be deleted.</p><pre><div class="code__CodeWrapper-sc-8eixcc-0 gMcijM codeWrapperDiv"><div class="file"><span class="fileWithIcon__FileNameWrapper-sc-13l4knb-0 jLYujF"><svg width="12" height="15" viewbox="0 0 12 15" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6.625 1.99609H2.25C1.91848 1.99609 1.60054 2.12252 1.36612 2.34757C1.1317 2.57261 1 2.87783 1 3.19609V12.7961C1 13.1144 1.1317 13.4196 1.36612 13.6446C1.60054 13.8697 1.91848 13.9961 2.25 13.9961H9.75C10.0815 13.9961 10.3995 13.8697 10.6339 13.6446C10.8683 13.4196 11 13.1144 11 12.7961V6.19609L6.625 1.99609Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M5 1.99609V7.99609H11" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg>schema.prisma</span></div><div class="gatsby-highlight pre-highlight"><pre class="code__Pre-sc-8eixcc-2 sHeXY prism-code language-prisma " style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="code__AbsoluteCopyButton-sc-8eixcc-1 fpfsPR copy-button"><div class="copy__CopyComponent-sc-eodafv-0 BkNgj"><svg width="25" height="24" viewbox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect x="0.5" width="24" height="24" rx="4" fill="#EDF2F7"/><path d="M15.5001 6.40002H17.0002C17.398 6.40002 17.7795 6.54752 18.0608 6.81007C18.3422 7.07263 18.5002 7.42872 18.5002 7.80002V17.6C18.5002 17.9713 18.3422 18.3274 18.0608 18.59C17.7795 18.8525 17.398 19 17.0002 19H8.00002C7.60219 19 7.22066 18.8525 6.93935 18.59C6.65804 18.3274 6.5 17.9713 6.5 17.6V7.80002C6.5 7.42872 6.65804 7.07263 6.93935 6.81007C7.22066 6.54752 7.60219 6.40002 8.00002 6.40002H9.50005" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M14.75 5H10.25C9.83579 5 9.5 5.33579 9.5 5.75V7.25C9.5 7.66421 9.83579 8 10.25 8H14.75C15.1642 8 15.5 7.66421 15.5 7.25V5.75C15.5 5.33579 15.1642 5 14.75 5Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg></div></div><code><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">1</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">2</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">3</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> title</span><span class="token type-class-name"> String</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">4</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> author</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@relation</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token type-args">fields:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">authorId</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">references:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token plain">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-args">onDelete:</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Restrict</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">5</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> authorId</span><span class="token type-class-name"> String</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">6</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">7</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">8</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">model</span><span class="token type-class-name"> User</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">9</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@id</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token annotation punctuation" style="color:#393A34">@default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">autoincrement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">10</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> posts</span><span class="token type-class-name"> Post</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineNo-sc-8eixcc-4 keieLb line-no">11</span><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div></code></pre></div></div></pre><p class="paragraph">Prior to upgrading and enabling the referential actions <strong>preview feature</strong>, the error code you would receive when trying to delete a user which has posts would be <code class="inline-code">P2014</code> and it's message:</p><blockquote><p class="paragraph">"The change you are trying to make would violate the required relation '{relation_name}' between the {model_a_name} and {model_b_name} models."</p></blockquote><pre><div class="code__CodeWrapper-sc-8eixcc-0 gMcijM codeWrapperDiv"><div class="gatsby-highlight pre-highlight"><pre class="code__Pre-sc-8eixcc-2 sHeXY prism-code language-ts " style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="code__AbsoluteCopyButton-sc-8eixcc-1 fpfsPR copy-button"><div class="copy__CopyComponent-sc-eodafv-0 BkNgj"><svg width="25" height="24" viewbox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect x="0.5" width="24" height="24" rx="4" fill="#EDF2F7"/><path d="M15.5001 6.40002H17.0002C17.398 6.40002 17.7795 6.54752 18.0608 6.81007C18.3422 7.07263 18.5002 7.42872 18.5002 7.80002V17.6C18.5002 17.9713 18.3422 18.3274 18.0608 18.59C17.7795 18.8525 17.398 19 17.0002 19H8.00002C7.60219 19 7.22066 18.8525 6.93935 18.59C6.65804 18.3274 6.5 17.9713 6.5 17.6V7.80002C6.5 7.42872 6.65804 7.07263 6.93935 6.81007C7.22066 6.54752 7.60219 6.40002 8.00002 6.40002H9.50005" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M14.75 5H10.25C9.83579 5 9.5 5.33579 9.5 5.75V7.25C9.5 7.66421 9.83579 8 10.25 8H14.75C15.1642 8 15.5 7.66421 15.5 7.25V5.75C15.5 5.33579 15.1642 5 14.75 5Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg></div></div><code><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">PrismaClient</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'@prisma/client'</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> prisma </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name maybe-class-name">PrismaClient</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">main</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> prisma</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">user</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">delete</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> where</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'some-long-id'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">instanceof</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name maybe-class-name">Prisma</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">PrismaClientKnownRequestError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">code</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'P2014'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">log</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">main</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">e</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">throw</span><span class="token plain"> e</span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">finally</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> prisma</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">$disconnect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div></code></pre></div></div></pre><p class="paragraph">To make sure you are checking for the correct errors in your code, modify your check to look for <code class="inline-code">P2003</code>, which will deliver the message:</p><blockquote><p class="paragraph">"Foreign key constraint failed on the field: {field_name}"</p></blockquote><pre><div class="code__CodeWrapper-sc-8eixcc-0 gMcijM codeWrapperDiv"><div class="gatsby-highlight pre-highlight"><pre class="code__Pre-sc-8eixcc-2 sHeXY prism-code language-ts " style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="code__AbsoluteCopyButton-sc-8eixcc-1 fpfsPR copy-button"><div class="copy__CopyComponent-sc-eodafv-0 BkNgj"><svg width="25" height="24" viewbox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect x="0.5" width="24" height="24" rx="4" fill="#EDF2F7"/><path d="M15.5001 6.40002H17.0002C17.398 6.40002 17.7795 6.54752 18.0608 6.81007C18.3422 7.07263 18.5002 7.42872 18.5002 7.80002V17.6C18.5002 17.9713 18.3422 18.3274 18.0608 18.59C17.7795 18.8525 17.398 19 17.0002 19H8.00002C7.60219 19 7.22066 18.8525 6.93935 18.59C6.65804 18.3274 6.5 17.9713 6.5 17.6V7.80002C6.5 7.42872 6.65804 7.07263 6.93935 6.81007C7.22066 6.54752 7.60219 6.40002 8.00002 6.40002H9.50005" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/><path d="M14.75 5H10.25C9.83579 5 9.5 5.33579 9.5 5.75V7.25C9.5 7.66421 9.83579 8 10.25 8H14.75C15.1642 8 15.5 7.66421 15.5 7.25V5.75C15.5 5.33579 15.1642 5 14.75 5Z" stroke="#A0AEC0" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg></div></div><code><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports maybe-class-name">PrismaClient</span><span class="token imports"> </span><span class="token imports punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'@prisma/client'</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> prisma </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name maybe-class-name">PrismaClient</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">main</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">try</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> prisma</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">user</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">delete</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> where</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'some-long-id'</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">instanceof</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name maybe-class-name">Prisma</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token known-class-name class-name">PrismaClientKnownRequestError</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:var(--code-deleted-bg-color);symb-color:var(--code-deleted-color)"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">code</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'P2014'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:var(--code-added-bg-color);symb-color:var(--code-added-color)"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">code</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">===</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'P2003'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token console class-name">console</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">log</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">error</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">message</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"> </span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"/><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">main</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">catch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">e </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">throw</span><span class="token plain"> e</span></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">finally</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator" style="color:#393A34">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> prisma</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color:#d73a49">$disconnect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div><div class="code__Line-sc-8eixcc-3 cdGjbH token-line" style="background-color:;symb-color:"><span class="code__LineContent-sc-8eixcc-5 laqNCI "><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"/></span></div></code></pre></div></div></pre></section></section></section><section><h2 id="behavior-without-using-referentialactions" style="position:relative"><a href="#behavior-without-using-referentialactions" aria-label="behavior without using inlinecodereferentialactionsinlinecode permalink" class="title-link before"><svg width="17" height="18" viewbox="0 0 17 18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">