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辅助功能提示: 使用颜色添加含义仅提供视觉指示,不会传达给屏幕阅读器等辅助技术的用户。请确保从内容本身(例如,可见文本)中可以明显看出含义,或者通过其他方式包含含义,例如使用 .visually-hidden 类隐藏的附加文本。

与上下文文本颜色类类似,将元素的背景设置为任何上下文类。后台实用程序 不设置 color ,因此在某些情况下,您需要使用 .text-* color utilities

从我们原始的 $theme-colors Sass 映射生成的背景实用程序(如 .bg-* )尚未响应颜色模式,但是,任何 .bg-*-subtle 实用程序都会响应。这将在 v6 中解决。
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-primary text-white">.bg-primary</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-primary-subtle text-emphasis-primary">.bg-primary-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-secondary text-white">.bg-secondary</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-secondary-subtle text-emphasis-secondary">.bg-secondary-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-success text-white">.bg-success</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-success-subtle text-emphasis-success">.bg-success-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-danger text-white">.bg-danger</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-danger-subtle text-emphasis-danger">.bg-danger-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-warning text-dark">.bg-warning</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-warning-subtle text-emphasis-warning">.bg-warning-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-info text-dark">.bg-info</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-info-subtle text-emphasis-info">.bg-info-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-light text-dark">.bg-light</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-light-subtle text-emphasis-light">.bg-light-subtle</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-dark text-white">.bg-dark</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-dark-subtle text-emphasis-dark">.bg-dark-subtle</div>
<p class="p-3 mb-2 bg-body-secondary">.bg-body-secondary</p>
<p class="p-3 mb-2 bg-body-tertiary">.bg-body-tertiary</p>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-body text-body">.bg-body</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-black text-white">.bg-black</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-white text-dark">.bg-white</div>
<div class="p-3 mb-2 bg-transparent text-body">.bg-transparent</div>

通过添加 .bg-gradient 类,线性渐变作为背景图像添加到背景中。这种渐变从半透明的白色开始,逐渐淡出到底部。

您的自定义 CSS 中需要渐变吗?只需添加 background-image: var(--bs-gradient);

.bg-primary.bg-gradient
.bg-secondary.bg-gradient
.bg-success.bg-gradient
.bg-danger.bg-gradient
.bg-warning.bg-gradient
.bg-info.bg-gradient
.bg-light.bg-gradient
.bg-dark.bg-gradient
.bg-black.bg-gradient
Added in v5.1.0

从 v5.1.0 开始, background-color 实用程序使用 CSS 变量与 Sass 一起生成。这允许实时颜色更改,而无需编译和动态 Alpha 透明度更改。

考虑我们默认的 .bg-success 实用程序。

.bg-success {
  --bs-bg-opacity: 1;
  background-color: rgba(var(--bs-success-rgb), var(--bs-bg-opacity)) !important;

我们使用 --bs-success (值为 25, 135, 84 ) CSS 变量的 RGB 版本,并附加第二个 CSS 变量 --bs-bg-opacity 作为 alpha 透明度(由于局部 CSS 变量,默认值为 1 )。这意味着无论何时使用 .bg-success ,计算出的 color 值都是 rgba(25, 135, 84, 1) 。每个 .bg-* 类中的本地 CSS 变量避免了继承问题,因此实用程序的嵌套实例不会自动具有修改后的 alpha 透明度。

要更改该不透明度,请通过自定义样式或内联样式覆盖 --bs-bg-opacity

This is default success background
This is 50% opacity success background
<div class="bg-success p-2 text-white">This is default success background</div>
<div class="bg-success p-2" style="--bs-bg-opacity: .5;">This is 50% opacity success background</div>

或者,从任何 .bg-opacity 实用程序中进行选择:

This is default success background
This is 75% opacity success background
This is 50% opacity success background
This is 25% opacity success background
This is 10% opacity success background
<div class="bg-success p-2 text-white">This is default success background</div>
<div class="bg-success p-2 text-white bg-opacity-75">This is 75% opacity success background</div>
<div class="bg-success p-2 text-dark bg-opacity-50">This is 50% opacity success background</div>
<div class="bg-success p-2 text-dark bg-opacity-25">This is 25% opacity success background</div>
<div class="bg-success p-2 text-dark bg-opacity-10">This is 10% opacity success background</div>

除了以下 Sass 功能外,请考虑阅读我们包含的颜色等 CSS 自定义属性 (又名 CSS 变量)。

Sass 变量

大多数 background-color 实用程序都是由我们的主题颜色生成的,这些颜色是从我们的通用调色板变量重新分配的。

scss/_variables.scss
$gradient: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba($white, .15), rgba($white, 0));

灰度颜色也可用,但仅使用子集来生成任何实用程序。

scss/_variables.scss
$primary-bg-subtle:       tint-color($primary, 80%);
$secondary-bg-subtle:     tint-color($secondary, 80%);
$success-bg-subtle:       tint-color($success, 80%);
$info-bg-subtle:          tint-color($info, 80%);
$warning-bg-subtle:       tint-color($warning, 80%);
$danger-bg-subtle:        tint-color($danger, 80%);
$light-bg-subtle:         mix($gray-100, $white);
$dark-bg-subtle:          $gray-400;
      scss/_variables-dark.scss
    
$primary-bg-subtle-dark:            shade-color($primary, 80%);
$secondary-bg-subtle-dark:          shade-color($secondary, 80%);
$success-bg-subtle-dark:            shade-color($success, 80%);
$info-bg-subtle-dark:               shade-color($info, 80%);
$warning-bg-subtle-dark:            shade-color($warning, 80%);
$danger-bg-subtle-dark:             shade-color($danger, 80%);
$light-bg-subtle-dark:              $gray-800;
$dark-bg-subtle-dark:               mix($gray-800, $black);

Sass 映射

然后将主题颜色放入 Sass 映射中,以便我们可以循环使用它们来生成我们的实用程序、组件修改器等。

scss/_variables.scss
$theme-colors-rgb: map-loop($theme-colors, to-rgb, "$value");

背景颜色不透明度基于此构建,并具有由实用程序 API 使用自己的映射:

scss/_maps.scss
"black": to-rgb($black), "white": to-rgb($white), "body": to-rgb($body-bg) $utilities-bg-colors: map-loop($utilities-bg, rgba-css-var, "$key", "bg"); $utilities-bg-subtle: ( "primary-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}primary-bg-subtle), "secondary-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}secondary-bg-subtle), "success-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}success-bg-subtle), "info-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}info-bg-subtle), "warning-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}warning-bg-subtle), "danger-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}danger-bg-subtle), "light-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}light-bg-subtle), "dark-subtle": var(--#{$prefix}dark-bg-subtle)

颜色模式背景颜色也可用作 Sass 映射:

scss/_maps.scss
$theme-colors-bg-subtle: (
  "primary": $primary-bg-subtle,
  "secondary": $secondary-bg-subtle,
  "success": $success-bg-subtle,
  "info": $info-bg-subtle,
  "warning": $warning-bg-subtle,
  "danger": $danger-bg-subtle,
  "light": $light-bg-subtle,
  "dark": $dark-bg-subtle,
      scss/_maps.scss
    
$theme-colors-bg-subtle-dark: (
  "primary": $primary-bg-subtle-dark,
  "secondary": $secondary-bg-subtle-dark,
  "success": $success-bg-subtle-dark,
  "info": $info-bg-subtle-dark,
  "warning": $warning-bg-subtle-dark,
  "danger": $danger-bg-subtle-dark,
  "light": $light-bg-subtle-dark,
  "dark": $dark-bg-subtle-dark,

Sass mixins

没有混音用于生成我们的后台实用程序,但我们确实有一些额外的混音,用于您想要创建自己的渐变的其他情况。

scss/mixins/_gradients.scss
// Horizontal gradient, from left to right
// Creates two color stops, start and end, by specifying a color and position for each color stop.
@mixin gradient-x($start-color: $gray-700, $end-color: $gray-800, $start-percent: 0%, $end-percent: 100%) {
  background-image: linear-gradient(to right, $start-color $start-percent, $end-color $end-percent);
// Vertical gradient, from top to bottom
// Creates two color stops, start and end, by specifying a color and position for each color stop.
@mixin gradient-y($start-color: $gray-700, $end-color: $gray-800, $start-percent: null, $end-percent: null) {
  background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, $start-color $start-percent, $end-color $end-percent);
@mixin gradient-directional($start-color: $gray-700, $end-color: $gray-800, $deg: 45deg) {
  background-image: linear-gradient($deg, $start-color, $end-color);
@mixin gradient-x-three-colors($start-color: $blue, $mid-color: $purple, $color-stop: 50%, $end-color: $red) {
  background-image: linear-gradient(to right, $start-color, $mid-color $color-stop, $end-color);
@mixin gradient-y-three-colors($start-color: $blue, $mid-color: $purple, $color-stop: 50%, $end-color: $red) {
  background-image: linear-gradient($start-color, $mid-color $color-stop, $end-color);
@mixin gradient-radial($inner-color: $gray-700, $outer-color: $gray-800) {
  background-image: radial-gradient(circle, $inner-color, $outer-color);
@mixin gradient-striped($color: rgba($white, .15), $angle: 45deg) {
  background-image: linear-gradient($angle, $color 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 50%, $color 50%, $color 75%, transparent 75%, transparent);

实用程序 API

后台实用程序在我们的实用程序 API 中的scss/_utilities.scss中声明。了解如何使用实用程序 API

scss/_utilities.scss
"transparent": transparent, "body-secondary": rgba(var(--#{$prefix}secondary-bg-rgb), var(--#{$prefix}bg-opacity)), "body-tertiary": rgba(var(--#{$prefix}tertiary-bg-rgb), var(--#{$prefix}bg-opacity)), "bg-opacity": ( css-var: true, class: bg-opacity, values: ( 10: .1, 25: .25, 50: .5, 75: .75, 100: 1 "subtle-background-color": ( property: background-color, class: bg, values: $utilities-bg-subtle