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To investigate the value of platelet count in predicting the efficacy of rituximab treatment in chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted in 103 chronic ITP patients hospitalized in our medical center between January 2011 and December 2014. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) of platelet count in different time points were analyzed for the predictor of treatment response. Optimal cutoff values were established using ROC analysis.
Results
A total of 103 patients were included in the study. There were 46 males and 57 females, with a median age of 30 (18–67) years. At day 1, 3 and 7 after the first dose of rituximab, there was no significant difference in platelet counts between the success group (PLT≥50×10
9
/L after treatment) and the failure group (PLT≤50×10
9
/L after treatment) (
P
>0.05). At day 14 after rituximab treatment (PTD 14), platelet counts became significantly different in the success and failure groups[41(8–384)×10
9
/L
vs
23(0–106)×10
9
/L,
P
=0.003], and remained different thereafter, with increasing significance in the subsequent follow-ups. Patients were divided further using an optimal cut-off platelet count of 50×10
9
/L on PTD 14, PTD 30, and PTD 60, and PPV and NPV values were calculated for predicting eventual success and failure.
Conclusion
Response can be predicted by obtaining platelet counts at 14, 30 and 60 days after rituximab treatment. The study proposed a protocol that guides patient monitoring and management planning.
5.统计学处理:应用SPSS 21.0软件进行数据分析,计量资料比较采用秩和检验,计数资料比较采用卡方检验,多因素分析采用非条件Logistic回归分析。诊断实验采用描绘受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并确定ROC曲线下方面积。绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,各组生存曲线比较应用Log-rank检验。
P
<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
结果
1.一般资料、诊断情况及疗效分组:本研究纳入103例慢性ITP患者,治疗成功组39例(37.9%),治疗无效组64例。成功组中位病程为24(12~360)个月,无效组为21(12~120)个月。成功组初诊骨髓CD41
+
巨核细胞计数高于无效组(
P
<0.001),其他指标比较差异均无统计学意义,详见
表1
。
2.慢性ITP患者利妥昔单抗治疗无效的的多因素分析:将相关临床指标(性别、年龄>40岁、病程>2年、初诊PLT<10×10
9
/L、是否联合用药、血小板自身抗体是否阳性、骨髓CD41
+
巨核细胞计数<150个)进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示骨髓CD41
+
巨核细胞<150个[
P
=0.003,
OR
=5.253(95%
CI
1.784~15.471)]是利妥昔单抗治疗无效的独立危险因素。
3.初诊骨髓CD41
+
巨核细胞计数对利妥昔单抗长期反应率的影响:将患者按照初诊骨髓CD41
+
巨核细胞计数分为<150个、≥150个两组。巨核细胞<150个、>150个组1年长期反应率分别为17.5%(7/40)、50.6%(31/63)(
P
=0.001),提示骨髓巨核细胞计数与长期反应率显著相关(
图1
)。
4.首剂利妥昔单抗治疗后各随访间截点血小板计数变化:首剂利妥昔单抗治疗后第1、5、7天,成功组与无效组中位血小板计数差异均无统计学意义。首剂利妥昔单抗治疗后第3天,成功组中位血小板计数低于无效组[23(1~211)×10
9
/L对41(5~562)×10
9
/L,
z
=−2.362,
P
=0.020],可能与无效组患者接受血小板输注以及使用静脉丙种球蛋白(IVIG)有关。利妥昔单抗治疗后第14天,成功组中位血小板计数高于无效组,在随后的各随访截点,成功组中位血小板计数进一步回升并维持正常水平,无效组中位血小板计数则持续低于正常水平,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(
P
<0.001)。详见
表2
。
表2. 慢性原发免疫性血小板减少症患者首剂利妥昔单抗治疗后不同随访截点血小板计数[×10
9
/L,
M
(范围)].
5.不同随访时间点血小板计数预测利妥昔单抗治疗慢性ITP疗效的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值:通过对不同随访时间点血小板计数的ROC曲线分析,血小板计数的理想截断点为50×10
9
/L,首剂利妥昔单抗治疗后第14天,ROC曲线下方面积(AUC
ROC
)为0.676(95%
CI
0.568~0.784,
P
=0.003),预测慢性ITP患者利妥昔单抗最终疗效的敏感度、特异度分别为48.7%、87.5%。随着随访时间的推移,血小板计数的预测准确性也越来越高,利妥昔单抗治疗后第30、60天的AUC
ROC
分别为0.739(95%
CI
0.640~0.837,
P
<0.001)和0.918(95%
CI
0.855~0.982,
P
<0.001)(
图2
)。以血小板计数50×10
9
/L为理想截断点,每个随访时间的血小板计数的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值(PPV)和阴性预测值(NPV)见
表3
。
Fund program: National Natural Science Foundatin of China(81470286,81670118)
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