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Implements Customized Data Type

Scanner / Valuer

Scanner and Valuer interfaces, so GORM knowns to how to receive/save it into the database

For example:

type JSON json.RawMessage

// Scan scan value into Jsonb, implements sql.Scanner interface
func (j *JSON) Scan(value interface{}) error {
  bytes, ok := value.([]byte)
  if !ok {
    return errors.New(fmt.Sprint("Failed to unmarshal JSONB value:", value))
  }

  result := json.RawMessage{}
  err := json.Unmarshal(bytes, &result)
  *j = JSON(result)
  return err
}

// Value return json value, implement driver.Valuer interface
func (j JSON) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
  if len(j) == 0 {
    return nil, nil
  }
  return json.RawMessage(j).MarshalJSON()
}

There are many third party packages implement the Scanner / Valuer interface, which can be used with GORM together, for example:

import (
  "github.com/google/uuid"
  "github.com/lib/pq"
)

type Post struct {
  ID     uuid.UUID `gorm:"type:uuid;default:uuid_generate_v4()"`
  Title  string
  Tags   pq.StringArray `gorm:"type:text[]"`
}

GormDataTypeInterface

tag type , if not found, will check if the struct implemented interface GormDBDataTypeInterface or GormDataTypeInterface and will use its result as data type

type GormDataTypeInterface interface {
  GormDataType() string
}

type GormDBDataTypeInterface interface {
  GormDBDataType(*gorm.DB, *schema.Field) string
}

The result of GormDataType will be used as the general data type and can be obtained from schema.Field ‘s field DataType , which might be helpful when writing plugins or hooks for example:

func (JSON) GormDataType() string {
  return "json"
}

type User struct {
  Attrs JSON
}

func (user User) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) {
  field := tx.Statement.Schema.LookUpField("Attrs")
  if field.DataType == "json" {
    // do something
  }
}

GormDBDataType usually returns the right data type for current driver when migrating, for example:

func (JSON) GormDBDataType(db *gorm.DB, field *schema.Field) string {
  // use field.Tag, field.TagSettings gets field's tags
  // checkout https://github.com/go-gorm/gorm/blob/master/schema/field.go for all options

  // returns different database type based on driver name
  switch db.Dialector.Name() {
  case "mysql", "sqlite":
    return "JSON"
  case "postgres":
    return "JSONB"
  }
  return ""
}

If the struct hasn’t implemented the GormDBDataTypeInterface or GormDataTypeInterface interface, GORM will guess its data type from the struct’s first field, for example, will use string for NullString

type NullString struct {
  String string // use the first field's data type
  Valid  bool
}

type User struct {
  Name NullString // data type will be string
}

GormValuerInterface

Create/Update from SQL Expr

type Location struct {
  X, Y int
}

func (loc Location) GormDataType() string {
  return "geometry"
}

func (loc Location) GormValue(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) clause.Expr {
  return clause.Expr{
    SQL:  "ST_PointFromText(?)",
    Vars: []interface{}{fmt.Sprintf("POINT(%d %d)", loc.X, loc.Y)},
  }
}

// Scan implements the sql.Scanner interface
func (loc *Location) Scan(v interface{}) error {
  // Scan a value into struct from database driver
}

type User struct {
  ID       int
  Name     string
  Location Location
}

db.Create(&User{
  Name:     "jinzhu",
  Location: Location{X: 100, Y: 100},
})
// INSERT INTO `users` (`name`,`point`) VALUES ("jinzhu",ST_PointFromText("POINT(100 100)"))

db.Model(&User{ID: 1}).Updates(User{
  Name:  "jinzhu",
  Location: Location{X: 100, Y: 100},
})
// UPDATE `user_with_points` SET `name`="jinzhu",`location`=ST_PointFromText("POINT(100 100)") WHERE `id` = 1

Create From SQL Expr and Update with SQL Expression for details

Value based on Context

type EncryptedString struct {
  Value string
}

func (es EncryptedString) GormValue(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) (expr clause.Expr) {
  if encryptionKey, ok := ctx.Value("TenantEncryptionKey").(string); ok {
    return clause.Expr{SQL: "?", Vars: []interface{}{Encrypt(es.Value, encryptionKey)}}
  } else {
    db.AddError(errors.New("invalid encryption key"))
  }

  return
}

Clause Expression

JSON and SQL Builder for details, the following is an example of usage:

// Generates SQL with clause Expression
db.Find(&user, datatypes.JSONQuery("attributes").HasKey("role"))
db.Find(&user, datatypes.JSONQuery("attributes").HasKey("orgs", "orga"))

// MySQL
// SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE JSON_EXTRACT(`attributes`, '$.role') IS NOT NULL
// SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE JSON_EXTRACT(`attributes`, '$.orgs.orga') IS NOT NULL

// PostgreSQL
// SELECT * FROM "user" WHERE "attributes"::jsonb ? 'role'
// SELECT * FROM "user" WHERE "attributes"::jsonb -> 'orgs' ? 'orga'

db.Find(&user, datatypes.JSONQuery("attributes").Equals("jinzhu", "name"))
// MySQL
// SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE JSON_EXTRACT(`attributes`, '$.name') = "jinzhu"

// PostgreSQL
// SELECT * FROM "user" WHERE json_extract_path_text("attributes"::json,'name') = 'jinzhu'

Customized Data Types Collections

https://github.com/go-gorm/datatypes , pull request welcome ;)

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