祭红瓷,景德镇名瓷。景德镇的颜色釉造诣极高,创造了钧红、祭红和郎窑红等名贵色釉。钧红是我国最早出现的铜红釉品种,从明朝开始,景德镇大量生产钧红瓷。明代永宣年间,景德镇瓷工继钧红之后,创造了祭红。祭红娇而不艳,红中透紫,色泽深沉而安定。古代皇室用这种红釉瓷做祭器,因而得名祭红。因烧制难度极大,成品率很低,所以身价特高。古人在制作祭红瓷时,很名贵的原料如珊瑚、玛瑙、玉石、珍珠、黄金等都在所不惜。
相传明朝宣德年间,宣宗皇帝突然想要用一套鲜红色的瓷器祭奠日神,于是诏令设在景德镇的督窑官加紧烧制。但是,窑工们多次试验,就是烧不出令朝廷满意的祭器来。督窑的太监每日督促、鞭打窑工,并且把一部分人关进监狱,声称再烧不出皇帝催要的红釉瓷器,就要杀人了。一位老窑工的女儿翠兰,听到消息非常担心,跑到了御窑厂,发现她的父亲也被督窑官投入了大牢。悲愤的翠兰纵身跳入了熊熊的窑火当中,用自己的生命抗议督窑官的暴行。两天后,当窑工们打开翠兰焚身的窑炉时,惊奇地发现,烧成的陶坯呈现出鲜血一样的红色。 红色的祭器烧成了,人们说这是翠兰的血染红了陶坯,于是就把这种红色的陶瓷,称为祭红。
为了纪念以身祭窑的翠兰,窑工们后来在封窑门时,用砖砌成少女的形象,这个习俗一直延续到今天。从那以后,历代皇帝都曾不惜财力烧制祭红,但是这种殷红色的瓷器,如同神话中的宝物一样,非常难得。
这就是被蒙上了神秘色彩的祭红。在景德镇陶瓷馆的近万件藏品中,祭红只有九件半,其中一件明代宣德年间的祭红,收藏时只剩下了残缺的一半。
景德镇的陶瓷行业,虽然已经有千年的历史,但还没有走出手工业的封闭圈子。制瓷工艺尤其是釉料的配方,历来是手艺人保密的重点,世代家传,决不外泄,而且配方全凭配釉人的经验和运气。
陶瓷的艺术就是火的艺术。不同成分的釉料在不同温度、不同烧成气氛中可以产生千变万化的颜色,火改变了陶坯的化学成分,火把泥土变成了晶莹剔透的宝石。景德镇人创造了祭红、郎红等彩色陶瓷,也创造出陶瓷的神话。现在,景德镇人依然延续着500多年古老的技艺,也延续着土火相融的传奇。
为了让祭红"复活",重续历史,1985年,湖南的科研人员接受了一项任务:研制一种能够耐高温的大红色陶瓷。2002年3月,一份陶瓷大红釉料的样品被放进高温电炉,结果令专家大为兴奋:非常纯正的大红颜色,在1250摄氏度的高温中 ,没有明显的分解。大红色釉正式通过专家组鉴定。这种瓷器被意味深长地命名为"中国红"。
Offering red porcelain, Jingdezhen porcelain. Jingdezhen color glaze high attainments, created Jun red, red and other precious Lang red glaze. Jun red is red copper glaze varieties in China first appeared, from the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the mass production of Jingdezhen Jun porcelain. Ming Yong Xuan, Jingdezhen porcelain industry after Jun red, creating red. Red Jiao not brilliant red through violet, deep color and stability. The ancient royal sacrificial red glaze porcelain do, hence the name red. Because the firing difficulty is extremely great, the finished product rate is very low, therefore the price is extremely high. The ancients in the production of red porcelain, very precious materials such as coral, agate, jade, pearls and gold are too high.
According to legend, the Ming Dynasty Xuande Emperor Xuanzong, suddenly want to use a bright red porcelain memorial day, so a Jingdezhen governor officer Dahir kiln to burn. However, kiln workers repeatedly test, is not burn out so that the court satisfied used to. The daily supervision, supervision of the eunuch kiln kiln workers and whipped, a number of people in prison, claiming to burn out the red glaze porcelain of the emperor to kill bombarded. An old worker's daughter Cui Lan, heard the news very worried, went to the Royal factory, found that her father was put in prison and official kiln. The grief Cuilan jumped into the burning kiln fire, with his own life and protest atrocities Guan kiln. Two days later, when the kiln workers open flames Cuilan, surprised to find that the ceramic firing appears as red blood. The red vessel burned, people say it's blue blood red ceramic, then put the red porcelain, known as red.
In order to commemorate the kiln body offering Cuilan, kiln workers later in the sealed kiln door, into a girl image of brick, this custom continues today. Since then, emperors at financial firing offering red, but the red porcelain, like the mythical treasure, very rare.
This is the mysterious color red. In the nearly ten thousand pieces of collections of Jingdezhen Ceramics Museum, age only nine half, one of the Ming Dynasty Xuande age, when only half of the incomplete.
Although the ceramic industry in Jingdezhen has a history of 1000 years, it has not yet gone out of the closed circle of handicraft industry. Especially the porcelain glaze formula, has always been the focus, craft secrecy generation family, no leakage, and the formula depends on the glaze of human experience and luck.
The art of ceramics is the art of fire. Different compositions of glaze at different temperatures, different burning atmosphere can produce ever-changing colors, fire changed the chemical composition of the ceramic billet, torch soil became crystal clear gem. The people of Jingdezhen, Lang Hong created a red color ceramic, also created the myth of ceramics. Now, Jingdezhen people still carry on for more than 500 years of ancient art, but also continue the legend of soil and fire fusion.
In order to let the red "Resurrection", a renewal of history, in 1985, the Hunan researchers have accepted a mission: to develop a high temperature resistant ceramic red. In March 2002, a sample of Ceramic Red glazes was put into a high temperature electric furnace, which excited the experts: very pure red color, without obvious decomposition at high temperatures of 1250 degrees celsius. Large red glaze was officially identified by expert group. This kind of porcelain has been meaningfully named "Chinese red"".
祭红瓷、景徳鎮名磁器。景徳鎮の色の釉造詣を高く、赤、祭红鈞と郎窑红など珍しい色釉。鈞赤は我が国の最も早く現れる銅赤釉品種から、明代から、景徳鎮の大量生産红瓷鈞。明代永宣年間、景徳鎮陶磁工蒼井鈞紅を創造した後、祭红。祭红甘えて艷、赤い透紫、色合いが深く安定。古代皇室用この赤釉瓷祭器し、そこで名声を得祭红。焼き上げるで難度が大きく、製品率が低いので、沽券が高い。古人は制作祭红磁器の時、とても貴重な原料サンゴなど、瑪瑙、玉、真珠、金なども惜しまない。
聞くところによると明宣德年間、宣宗皇帝とセットで突然真っ赤な磁器慰霊の日本、そして诏令は景徳鎮の監督官を窯焼き。しかし、窯工たちは何度も実験は、熱が出ない満足して朝廷の祭器令。督窯の宦官毎日監督、罰を受けることも窯工、そして一部刑務所として再熱が出ない催要皇帝の赤釉磁器、人を殺しました。一人の老窑工の娘翠兰、ニュースを聞いて心配して、走った御窑厂発見され、彼女の父親も監督官につながれ窯を投入した。悲憤の翠兰飛び込むた燃え盛るかまど火の中で、自分の命で抗議督窯官の暴行。二日後、当窯工たちを開いて翠兰焼身の窯炉時、驚くほど、焼成の様相を呈して血のような赤い陶坯。赤い祭器焼いて、人々は翠兰の陶坯血染めましたので、この赤いセラミックと呼ばれる、祭红。
記念祭窯の身翠兰、窯工たちは後に封窯門時、煉瓦を少女のイメージは、この習慣を続けて。それ以来、歴代皇帝を燃やし祭红財力だったが、この殷赤い磁器、まるで神話の宝物のように、ありがたい。
これはかぶせた神秘的な色の祭红。景徳鎮陶磁館の近く万件のコレクションには、祭红9点半、その中の一件明代宣德年間の祭红、コレクションの不完全な半分だけが殘った。
景徳鎮の陶磁器の業種は、は千年の歴史が、まだ出て手工業の閉鎖輪。制磁器工芸特に上薬配合で、従来は職人の秘密の重点、世代家伝、決して流出、しかも調合指図書で決まる配釉人の経験と運。
陶磁器の芸術は火の芸術だ。異なる成分の上薬は違う、違う雰囲気の中で温度を焼き尽くす火が千変万化の色を変えた陶坯の化学の成分、松明土に透き通った宝石。景徳鎮の人を祭红、郎红などのカラーも創造セラミック、陶磁器の神話。今、景徳鎮人500年以上続いていく古い芸能でも続いている土火が一体の伝奇。
祭红せるために「復活」、重続歴史、1985年、湖南省の科学研究员を受けた任務:開発1種のできる耐高温の大きな赤いセラミック。2002年さん月、1部の陶磁器の深紅の上薬のサンプルに入れた高温炉の結果、令専門家は大興奮:非常に純粋な深紅色、1250℃の高温で、目立った分解。大赤釉正式は専門家グループ鑑定を通じて。この磁器は「中国の赤」と意味深さに「中国」という意味があり」。