This is the fourth maintenance release of Python 3.11
Python 3.11.4 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations.
Major new features of the 3.11 series, compared to 3.10
Some of the new major new features and changes in Python 3.11 are:
General changes
PEP 657
-- Include Fine-Grained Error Locations in Tracebacks
PEP 654
-- Exception Groups and
except*
PEP 680
-- tomllib: Support for Parsing TOML in the Standard Library
gh-90908
-- Introduce task groups to asyncio
gh-34627
-- Atomic grouping (
(?>...)
) and possessive quantifiers (
*+, ++, ?+, {m,n}+
) are now supported in regular expressions.
The
Faster CPython Project
is already yielding some exciting results. Python 3.11 is up to 10-60% faster than Python 3.10. On average, we measured a 1.22x speedup on the standard benchmark suite. See
Faster CPython
for details.
Typing and typing language changes
PEP 673
-- Self Type
PEP 646
-- Variadic Generics
PEP 675
-- Arbitrary Literal String Type
PEP 655
-- Marking individual TypedDict items as required or potentially-missing
PEP 681
-- Data Class Transforms
More resources
Online Documentation
PEP 664
, 3.11 Release Schedule
Report bugs at
https://github.com/python/cpython/issues
.
Help fund Python and its community
.
And now for something completely different
The non-squeezing theorem, also called Gromov's non-squeezing theorem, is one of the most important theorems in symplectic geometry. It was first proven in 1985 by Mikhail Gromov. The theorem states that one cannot embed a ball into a cylinder via a symplectic map unless the radius of the ball is less than or equal to the radius of the cylinder. The theorem is important because formerly very little was known about the geometry behind symplectic maps.
One easy consequence of a transformation being symplectic is that it preserves volume. One can easily embed a ball of any radius into a cylinder of any other radius by a volume-preserving transformation: just picture squeezing the ball into the cylinder (hence, the name non-squeezing theorem). Thus, the non-squeezing theorem tells us that, although symplectic transformations are volume-preserving, it is much more restrictive for a transformation to be symplectic than it is to be volume-preserving.
Full Changelog
